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Les fidéicommis étaient consubstantiels aux sociétés d’Ancien Régime. En rendant les biens indisponibles et en fixant la ligne de succession, ces fondations testamentaires visaient la conservation de l’assise matérielle des familles. Au nom de la libre circulation des biens et d’une conception absolue de la propriété, ils furent au XVIIIe siècle l’objet de critiques qui débouchèrent sur des réformes dans certains États italiens. Rien de tel dans la République de Venise où le patriciat n’envisagea jamais de réformes systémiques qui risquaient de remettre en cause les équilibres politiques et sociaux. Néanmoins, dès la fin du XVe siècle, l’État vénitien légiféra à mesure que les fidéicommis entraient en contradiction avec d’autres systèmes normatifs : le recouvrement des créances et des impôts et le remboursement des dots. L’État définit également les conditions de levée de l’inaliénabilité des biens et mit en place, sous l’égide des Juges du Procurator, une procédure pour garantir le réinvestissement des capitaux assujettis à fidéicommis (emprunts publics et prêts) au prix d’un travail administratif considérable. L’exploitation des archives de cette cour permet d’éclairer le rôle de l’autorité judiciaire dans la cogestion des fidéicommis et celui des ayants droit qui pouvaient se comporter en administrateurs actifs, capables de remodeler le contenu du fidéicommis sans changer sa valeur. En scrutant les modalités du passage de l’indisponible au disponible, ce livre interroge l’élasticité d’un dispositif réputé pour sa rigidité ; il démontre aussi que les fidéicommis étaient une institution totalisante dont le gouvernement était autant une affaire de famille que l’affaire de l’État.
Fideicommissum --- Substitution of heirs --- Property --- Estates (Law) --- History --- Venice (Italy) --- Trusts and trustees --- History. --- Fideicommissum - Italy - Venice --- Trusts and trustees - Italy - Venice --- Law --- Venise --- droit --- succession --- fidéicommis
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Fee tails were a basic building block for family landholding from the end of the thirteenth to the beginning of the twentieth century. The classic entail was an interest in land which was inalienable and could only pass at death by inheritance to the lineal heirs of the original grantee. Biancalana's study considers the origins, development and use of the entail in later medieval England, and the origins and early use of a reliable legal mechanism for the destruction of individual entails, the common recovery. He untangles the complex history surrounding medieval landholding in this detailed study of the fee tail, the product of extensive research in original sources. This book includes an extensive index of over three hundred common recoveries with discussions of their transactional contexts. A major work which will interest lawyers and historians.
Entail --- Restraints on alienation --- Fines and recoveries --- Feet of fines --- Fines (Land titles) --- Pedes finium --- Recoveries (Law) --- Real property --- Alienation, Restraints on --- Encumbrances (Law) --- Inheritance and succession --- Perpetuities --- Property --- Estate tail --- Limitations (Law) --- Land tenure --- Primogeniture --- Fideicommissum --- History. --- Law and legislation --- History --- Law --- General and Others
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This book examines the history and literary representation of one of the most idiosyncratic aspects of English socio-economic history, namely primogeniture as a rule governing the succession to landed estates. This double approach roughly covers the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Although this inheritance custom usually made the elder son sole heir to the whole paternal estate, to the exclusion and sometimes the utter impoverishment of the other children, and was therefore denounced as unjust...
English literature --- Fathers and sons in literature. --- Inheritance and succession in literature. --- Inheritance and succession --- Primogeniture in literature. --- Primogeniture --- Birth order --- Brothers in literature. --- Entail --- Estate tail --- Limitations (Law) --- Land tenure --- Restraints on alienation --- Fideicommissum --- Order, Birth --- Sequence, Sibling --- Sibling sequence --- Families --- First-born children --- Second-born children --- Youngest child --- Bequests --- Descent and distribution --- Descents --- Hereditary succession --- Intestacy --- Intestate succession --- Law of succession --- Succession, Intestate --- Real property --- Universal succession --- Trusts and trustees --- History and criticism. --- Law and legislation --- Psychological aspects
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