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Adrenaline. --- Adrenalin --- Epinephrine --- Bronchodilator agents --- Catecholamines --- Neurotransmitters --- Sympathomimetic agents --- Adrenergic mechanisms
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Inducing highs of excitement, anger, and terror, adrenaline fuels the extremes of human experience. A rush empowers superhuman feats in emergencies. Risk-taking junkies seek to replicate this feeling in dangerous recreations. And a surge may literally scare us to death. Adrenaline brings us up to speed on the fascinating molecule that drives some of our most potent experiences. Adrenaline was discovered in 1894 and quickly made its way out of the lab into clinics around the world. In this engrossing account, Brian Hoffman examines adrenaline in all its capacities, from a vital regulator of physiological functions to the subject of Nobel Prize-winning breakthroughs. Because its biochemical pathways are prototypical, adrenaline has had widespread application in hormone research leading to the development of powerful new drugs. Hoffman introduces the scientists to whom we owe our understanding, tracing the paths of their discoveries and aspirations and allowing us to appreciate the crucial role adrenaline has played in pushing modern medicine forward. Hoffman also investigates the vivid, at times lurid, place adrenaline occupies in the popular imagination, where accounts of its life-giving and lethal properties often leave the realm of fact. Famous as the catalyst of the "fight or flight" response, adrenaline has also received forensic attention as a perfect poison, untraceable in the bloodstream-and rumors persist of its power to revive the dead. True to the spirit of its topic, Adrenaline is a stimulating journey that reveals the truth behind adrenaline's scientific importance and enduring popular appeal.
Adrenaline --- History, Modern --- Adrenalin --- Epinephrine --- Bronchodilator agents --- Catecholamines --- Neurotransmitters --- Sympathomimetic agents --- Adrenergic mechanisms --- World history --- History. --- History --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history
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This Special Issue of Nutrients is addressing the topic ‘Nutrition, Diet and Food Allergy’. Globally, food allergy affects 1.5% of adults and 5% of children and this prevalence is increasing in recent decades, representing a public health problem. Different mechanisms are involved in food allergic diseases with distinctive clinical characteristics: IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated phenotypes will be distinguished in the Issue, considering the early recent literature on the prevalence, age of onset, follow-up recommendations and duration of food allergies. Moreover, the management of these fascinating diseases will be discussed with particular attention on nutritional hazards, risks of allergic reactions to new allergens, problems with missed labelling (precautionary allergen labelling (PAL)). Especially, the dietary restrictions and the re-introduction of allergens lead to a significant burden for affected patients, fear of accidental ingestions and related risk of severe reactions, resulting in a reduced quality of life among patients with food allergies.
Medicine --- nutrients --- infant gut microbiome --- pregnancy --- vegetables --- fruits --- atopic dermatitis --- dysbiosis --- food allergy --- gut --- infants --- microbiota --- skin --- 16S rRNA sequencing --- allergy --- anemia --- cow’s milk --- children --- immunology --- non-IgE-mediated food allergy --- pneumonia --- pulmonary hemosiderosis --- pulmonary infiltrates --- nut allergy --- oral food challenge --- peanut --- prick by prick --- serum specific IgE --- skin prick test --- tree nut --- milk allergy --- non-IgE mediated CMA --- food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome --- FPIES --- labelling --- prevention --- proteomics --- mass spectrometry --- cow’s milk allergy --- food hypersensitivity --- gastrointestinal disorder --- non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity disorder --- wheat allergy --- anaphylaxis --- epinephrine --- schools --- scoping review --- teachers --- peach allergy --- molecular allergy --- Pru p 3 --- Pru p 7 --- peamaclein --- oral allergy syndrome --- pollen-food allergy syndrome --- oral immunotherapy --- undeclared allergens --- pediatric --- food allergies --- risk --- RASFF
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This collection of research and review papers is aimed at depicting the state of the art on the possible correlations between processing variables, obtained structure and special properties which this structure induces on the plastic part. The extraordinary capacity of plastics to modify their properties according to a particular structure is evidenced for several transformation processes and for many applications. The final common goal is to take profit of this peculiar capacity of plastics by inducing, through a suitable processing, a specific spatial organization.
polymer blend --- carbon nanotube --- polycaprolactone --- X-ray diffraction --- reactive blending --- copper clad laminate --- incremental forming --- uniaxial compression --- fatigue --- nanoparticles --- composite --- deformation --- polymer composite --- humidity --- model --- uniaxial tensile deformation --- injection molding --- SPIF --- bioresorbable polymers --- flow --- poly(ethylene terephthalate) --- morphology --- 3D printing/additive manufacturing --- supercritical CO2 --- polymer morphology --- tissue engineering and regenerative medicine --- microfibrillar composites --- polyamide 6 --- ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene --- chain orientation --- processing --- intrinsic viscosity --- conductive polymer composites --- microcellular injection molding --- ionic liquids --- poly(?-caprolactone) --- biaxial elongation --- biobased films --- crystalline morphology --- gel --- composites --- PLLA --- bioresorbable vascular scaffolds --- temperature --- layered double hydroxides --- epoxy microstructure --- nanoreinforcement --- shear --- collagen --- controllable gas permeability --- contact angle --- WAXS --- mechanical performance --- biodegradable nanofibers --- in situ X-ray --- foam --- polyolefin --- carbon black --- polymorphism --- degradation --- polypropylene --- XRD --- graphite --- polyimide film --- indentation --- ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) --- mold temperature evolution --- fused filament fabrication/fused deposition modelling --- polyvinyl butyral --- supercritical fluid --- conductive filler --- octakis[(3-glycidoxypropyl)dimethylsiloxy]octasilsesquioxane (GPOSS) --- supercritical N2 --- compression molding --- flame retardant --- epinephrine --- crystallinity --- ethylene vinyl acetate --- atomic force microscopy --- temperature sensitive --- mechanical properties --- crystallisation --- microencapsulation --- linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) --- structure and properties --- PLA --- isotactic polypropylene --- lidocaine --- graphene --- structural analysis --- critical gel --- Harmonix AFM --- physicochemical characterization --- polyurethane --- cavitation --- curing rate --- orientation --- breathable film --- stress-induced phase transitions --- phase transitions --- SAXS --- hydrophobicity --- melamine polyphosphate --- PLGA --- compatibilizer --- polyoxymethylene (POM) --- homogeneous dispersion --- stretch blow molding --- electrical conductivity --- poly(lactic acid)
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Even though initially considered as a passive means for storing energy, lipids are now regarded as multifaceted molecules with crucial structural and functional activities. For instance, some of them play essential roles as key components of cell membranes whereas others act as signaling molecules in the regulation of cell homeostasis. In recent years, lipid research has attracted increasing interest because of the involvement of this class of compounds in human health. Indeed, a plethora of pathological conditions are characterized by alterations in lipid metabolism, such as cardiovascular diseases and brain disorders. This Special Issue is a collection of papers from different experts in lipid research, with the aim of providing new insights into the physiopathological involvement of lipids and their impact on human health. This collection also demonstrates the usefulness of interdisciplinary approaches in the development of novel methods to study and manipulate lipid metabolism, which may represent an attractive target for designing effective therapeutic strategies to counteract numerous pathologies.
neutral sphingomyelinase --- radiation --- sphingomyelin metabolism --- pathology --- cell signaling --- brain --- adipose tissue --- breast cancer --- epinephrine --- breast reconstruction --- epicardial fat thickness --- visceral fat thickness --- high-sensitivity c-reactive protein --- leptin --- gender --- female --- hippocampus --- frontal cortex --- adiponectin --- haptoglobin --- lipocalin --- BDNF --- synaptic proteins --- phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate --- phospholipase C --- cholesterol --- high-cholesterol diet --- BET proteins --- cell proliferation --- epigenetics --- HMGCR --- JQ1 --- LDLr --- lipid metabolism --- SREBP --- TMEM97 --- atherosclerosis --- diabetes mellitus --- cardiovascular disease --- chronic inflammation --- hyperglycemia --- mutations --- lipid --- fatty acid --- glyceride --- steroid --- phospholipid --- oral drug absorption --- prodrug --- phospholipase A2 (PLA2) --- acid sphingomyelinase --- SOD --- liver --- eicosanoids --- ischemic stroke --- ischemia --- lipoproteins --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- angiogenesis --- high-density lipoprotein --- endothelial cell --- metabolism --- metabolic reprogramming --- pulmonary fibrosis --- lipid mediators --- sphingolipids --- sphingosine-1-phosphate --- sphingosine kinase 1 --- prostaglandins --- lysophosphatidic acid --- autotaxin --- G-protein coupled receptors --- lysocardiolipin acyltransferase --- phospholipase D --- oxidized phospholipids --- DNA damage response --- double strand breaks --- ATM --- ionizing radiation --- metabolic stress --- oxidative stress --- p53 --- nuclear sphingolipids --- lipophagy --- lipolysis --- lipid droplets --- lipid storage diseases --- lipid metabolism diseases --- mTORC1 --- TFEB --- Cholesterol --- Fatty acids --- Lipid mediators --- Lipids --- Lipophagy --- Sphingolipids
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