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This pamphlet is adapted from Chapter 1 of Silent Revolution: The International Monetary Fund, 1979-89, by the same author. That book is full of history of the evolution of the Fund during 11 years in which the institution truly came of age as a participant in the international financial system.

International finance. --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- International Monetary Fund. --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Financial Crises --- Price Level --- Deflation --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Macroeconomics --- International economics --- Financial crises --- Exchange rates --- Debt default --- Exchange rate policy --- External debt --- Prices --- Debts, External --- United States

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Structural transformation depends not only on how much countries export but also on what they export and with whom they trade. This paper breaks new ground in analyzing India’s exports by the technological content, quality, sophistication, and complexity of the export basket. We identify five priority areas for policies: (1) reduction of trade costs, at and behind the border; (2) further liberalization of FDI including through simplification of regulations and procedures; (3) improving infrastructure including in urban areas to enhance manufacturing and services in cities; (4) preparing labor resources (skills) and markets (flexibility) for the technological progress that will shape jobs in the years ahead; and (5) creating an enabling environment for innovation and entrepreneurship to draw the economy into higher productivity activities.

Economic development -- India. --- Exports -- India. --- India -- Commerce. --- Manufacturing industries -- India. --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Local Commerce --- Exports --- Manufacturing industries --- India --- Commerce. --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: Manufacturing --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Industrialization --- Manufacturing and Service Industries --- Choice of Technology --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Comparative Studies of Countries --- Trade: General --- Neoclassical Models of Trade --- Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- International economics --- Service exports --- Comparative advantage --- Manufacturing --- Personal income --- International trade --- Economic sectors --- National accounts --- Income

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This volume examines how independent evaluation contributes to the legitimacy and effectiveness of the IMF. It describes the evolution and impact of the Independent Evaluation Office ten years after its creation as well as the challenges it has faced. It also incorporates feedback from a wide range of internal and external actors and offers useful insights for international organizations, academics, and other global stakeholders.

Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- Financial institutions, International --- Evaluation. --- International Monetary Fund. --- International financial institutions --- IMF Independent Evaluation Office --- International finance --- Evaluation --- International Monetary Fund --- E-books --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Social Services and Welfare --- Labor Economics: General --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Financial Crises --- Labour --- income economics --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Civil service & public sector --- Labor --- Exchange rate policy --- Trade policy --- Financial Sector Assessment Program --- Capital account liberalization --- International trade --- Balance of payments --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Financial crises --- Labor economics --- Financial services industry --- Commercial policy --- Argentina

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This report, commissioned by the Executive Board, was prepared by a committee of academic economists. The report assesses the appropriateness of current research activities, the quality and added value of the IMF's economic research and its utility in the IMF among its member countries and within the wider economics community. This publication also includes responses to the report by the IMF's staff, Managing Director, and Executive Board.

AA / International- internationaal --- 330.2 --- 333.432.8 --- Economics --- -International finance --- -332.152 --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Economische analyse en research. Theorie van de informatie. --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- Research --- -Evaluation --- International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Evaluation. --- International finance --- Economie politique --- Finances internationales --- Evaluation --- Recherche --- 332.152 --- Research&delete& --- Economische analyse en research. Theorie van de informatie --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- IMF --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Taxation --- Economic Development --- Industries: Financial Services --- Foreign Exchange --- Labor Economics: General --- Development Planning and Policy: General --- Monetary Policy --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Labour --- income economics --- Development economics & emerging economies --- Monetary economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Labor --- Development policy --- Inflation targeting --- International capital markets --- Tax incentives --- Development --- Monetary policy --- Financial markets --- Financial sector --- Economic sectors --- Money --- Labor economics --- Economic development --- Capital market --- Financial services industry --- Korea, Republic of

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We develop new economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indices for Japan from January 1987 onwards building on the approach of Baker, Bloom and Davis (2016). Each index reflects the frequency of newspaper articles that contain certain terms pertaining to the economy, policy matters and uncertainty. Our overall EPU index co-varies positively with implied volatilities for Japanese equities, exchange rates and interest rates and with a survey-based measure of political uncertainty. The EPU index rises around contested national elections and major leadership transitions in Japan, during the Asian Financial Crisis and in reaction to the Lehman Brothers failure, U.S. debt downgrade in 2011, Brexit referendum, and Japan’s recent decision to defer a consumption tax hike. Our uncertainty indices for fiscal, monetary, trade and exchange rate policy co-vary positively but also display distinct dynamics. VAR models imply that upward EPU innovations foreshadow deteriorations in Japan’s macroeconomic performance, as reflected by impulse response functions for investment, employment and output. Our study adds to evidence that credible policy plans and strong policy frameworks can favorably influence macroeconomic performance by, in part, reducing policy uncertainty.

Japan --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Government of Japan --- Iapōnia --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Japam --- Japani --- Japão --- Japon --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Jih-pen --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Nihon --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Riben --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Yapan --- Yīpun --- Zhāpān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Economic conditions --- Econometric models. --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign Exchange --- Public Finance --- Macroeconomics --- Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General --- Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Monetary Policy --- Fiscal Policy --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Financial Crises --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Financial crises --- Fiscal policy --- Exchange rate policy --- Trade policy --- Public debt --- Global financial crisis of 2008-2009 --- Commercial policy --- Debts, Public --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009