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This Nutrients Special Issue focuses on neonatal nutritional advances for inflammatory disorders affecting infants such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Nutrition can significantly impact the development of certain diseases that afflict infants. This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest research on the role of nutrition in preventing or impacting neonatal disorders. Specifically, this Special Issue focuses on the role of breast milk or donor breast milk and the various components in milk that have been demonstrated to protect against NEC and other inflammatory diseases. This issue provides a comprehensive composite of the advances in nutritional strategies that can modulate or prevent neonatal intestinal disorders.

donor breast milk --- human milk --- milk analysis --- very low birth weight --- preterm --- growth --- preterm infant --- donor human milk --- formula feeding --- breastfeeding --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- breast milk --- prematurity --- immunity --- newborn --- inflammation --- colostrum administration --- premature neonates --- clinical outcomes --- intestinal resection --- short bowel syndrome --- intestinal adaptation --- microbiome --- parenteral nutrition --- hormones --- milk fat globule --- long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- premature infants --- neonatal --- intestine --- glycosaminoglycans --- intestinal inflammation --- bioactive --- donor milk --- gastroschisis --- intestinal atresia --- human milk fortifier --- patient empowerment --- neonatal nutrition --- communication --- product labeling --- NICU parent --- extracellular vesicle --- exosome --- immature intestine --- formula --- osmolality --- breastmilk --- late onset sepsis --- bloodstream infections --- enteric pathogens --- human milk banks --- NEC --- meta-analysis --- breast-feeding --- spontaneous intestinal perforation --- feeding --- nutrition

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The development of new foods or nutraceuticals with health benefits is among today’s most important issues, which presents an opportune moment for the food and/or pharmaceutical industries. However, the launch of new products should be supported by strong scientific evidence on the health benefits attributable to the intake of these bioactive food ingredients. Studies focusing on changes during the storage conditions, digestion process, intestinal absorption rates, biological mechanisms of action, or bioactivity of their metabolites are also required to establish the real contribution of these compounds to the health status of today’s societies

phytochemicals --- antioxidant --- antinausea --- antiobesity --- anticancer --- anti-inflammatory --- ‘Cara Cara’ juice --- storage --- hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant --- carotenoid --- flavonoid --- degradation --- dried distilled spent grain (DDSG) --- melanoidins --- content --- structure --- antioxidant activity --- ACE-inhibitory activity --- beverages --- brewing method --- antioxidant potential --- total polyphenols content --- mineral composition --- grape stem --- phenolic compounds --- central composite rotatable design --- sustainable food systems --- pressurized liquid extraction --- side streams valorisation --- curcumin --- milk proteins --- nanoparticles --- antimicrobial activities --- bioactive peptides --- hypertension --- functional food --- metabolic syndrome --- microbiota --- insulin sensitivity --- polyphenols --- grape pomace --- donkey milk (DM) --- donkey colostrum (DC) --- mammal’s milk --- cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) --- biologic activity --- immunosenescence --- health benefits --- cryoconcentration --- calafate juice --- storage time --- physicochemical properties --- bioactive compounds --- sensorial analysis --- apitherapy --- royal jelly --- propolis --- bee pollen --- sarcopenia --- dietary interventions --- muscle --- skeletal --- muscle wasting --- physical performance --- coronavirus disease 2019 --- COVID-19 --- body composition --- lean body mass --- insulin resistance --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- satellite stem cells --- polysaccharide purification --- anti-obesity --- proliferation --- PPARγ --- biological activities --- isolation --- analysis --- mechanism of action --- bioaccessibility --- intestinal absorption --- bioavailability

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Human milk is uniquely tailored to meet infants’ specific nutritional requirements. However, it is more than just “milk”. This dynamic and bioactive fluid allows mother–infant signalling over lactation, guiding the infant in the developmental and physiological processes. It exerts protection and life-long biological effects, playing a crucial role in promoting healthy growth and optimal cognitive development. The latest scientific advances have provided insight into different components of human milk and their dynamic changes over time. However, the complexity of human milk composition and the synergistic mechanisms responsible for its beneficial health effects have not yet been unravelled. Filling this knowledge gap will shed light on the biology of the developing infant and will contribute to the optimization of infant feeding, particularly that of the most vulnerable infants. Greater understanding of human milk will also help in elucidating the best strategies for its storage and handling. The increasing knowledge on human milk’s bioactive compounds together with the rapidly-advancing technological achievements will greatly enhance their use as prophylactic or therapeutic agents. The current Special Issue aims to welcome original works and literature reviews further exploring the complexity of human milk composition, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects associated with breastfeeding, and the factors and determinants involved in lactation, including its promotion and support.

high pressure processing --- n/a --- lipids --- supplementation --- protective factors --- infant --- carbohydrate --- mothers --- antioxidant capacity --- protein --- fat --- cytokines --- bioactive factors --- late preterm --- zinc --- infants --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- pregnancy --- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) --- Lipidomics --- magnesium --- omega-3 fatty acids --- vitamin D deficiency --- flow injection analysis --- human milk benefits --- multiple source method --- 3?-sialyllactose (3?SL) --- milk banking --- milk group --- pasteurization --- video instruction --- Milk Fat Globule Membrane --- bile salt stimulated lipase --- breastfeeding difficulties --- breastfeeding support --- prematurity --- carotenoids --- hormones --- phosphocholine --- amino acids --- targeted metabolomics --- high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- choline --- selenium --- ?-linolenic acid --- arachidonic acid (ARA) --- docosahexaenoic acid --- human milk fortification --- protease inhibitors --- celiac disease --- copper --- term --- adipokines --- iodine --- mammary gland --- nutritional status --- food frequency questionnaire --- neonate --- early breastfeeding cessation --- prospective study --- breastfeeding --- mothers’ own milk --- disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) --- country --- lactating women --- undernourishment --- proteases --- preterm --- expressing --- dietary assessment --- retinol --- body composition --- duration of lactation --- passive immunization --- 2?-fucosyllactose (2?FL) --- phosphorus --- clinical trial --- growth factors --- infant formula --- digestive tract --- human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) --- sodium --- nutrition --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- lipid metabolites --- lactation --- nervonic acid --- ?-tocopherol --- macronutrients --- glycoprotein --- term infant --- term infants --- maternal diet --- promotion of breastfeeding --- potassium --- antioxidants --- maternal immunoglobulins --- Human Milk --- human milk --- Phospholipids --- flu vaccine --- lactational stage --- lactose --- storage --- dietary intake --- Preterm infant --- immune-active proteins --- colostrum --- human milk fat --- inadequate intake --- milk therapy --- endogenous peptide --- calcium --- fatty acids --- breast milk --- pumping --- secretor --- LC-MS --- n-9 fatty acid --- Lewis --- donor human milk --- antenatal --- online --- iron --- growth --- donor milk --- mothers' own milk