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This issue of Recent Results in Cancer Research presents a comprehensive review of current understanding of chromosomal instability in cancer and of strategies to use this information for better treatment of patients with cancer. Cancer is a disease of the chromosomes, and chromosomal instability in cancer disrupts gene function by either inactivating tumor suppressor genes or activating growth-promoting oncogenes. The chromosomal basis for these aberrations is either translocations, which change the integrity of genes, or abnormal numbers of chromosomes, a condition referred to as aneuploidy, which results in abnormal gene expression levels. Such structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations are specific for distinct tumor entities. The degree of chromosomal instability and the degree of intratumor heterogeneity have profound consequences for disease outcome and for therapeutic stratification.

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic --- Chromosomal Instability --- Translocation, Genetic --- Aneuploidy --- Neoplasms --- Diseases --- Ploidies --- Genomic Instability --- Gene Expression Regulation --- Chromosome Aberrations --- Mutagenesis --- Pathologic Processes --- Mutation --- Genetic Phenomena --- Genetic Processes --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Phenomena and Processes --- Genetic Variation --- Oncology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cancer cells. --- Chromosome abnormalities. --- Chromosomal aberrations --- Chromosome anomalies --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Human genetics. --- Oncology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Cancer Research. --- Human Genetics. --- Tumors --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Cancer research --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Chromosomes --- Karyotypes --- Mutation (Biology) --- Cells --- Pathology, Cellular --- Oncology  .

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Limiting genome replication to once per cell cycle is vital for maintaining genome stability. Although polyploidization is of physiologically importance for several specialized cell types, inappropriate polyploidization is believed to promote aneuploidy and transformation. A growing body of evidence indicates that the surveillance mechanisms that prevent polyploidization are frequently perturbed in cancers. Progress in the past several years has unraveled some of the underlying principles that maintain genome stability. This book brings together leaders of the field to overview subjects relating to polyploidization and cancer.

Cancer --Genetic aspects. --- Polyploidy. --- Cancer --- Polyploidy --- Chromosome Aberrations --- Biology --- Ploidies --- Gene Expression Regulation --- Genomic Instability --- Diseases --- Pathologic Processes --- Genetic Phenomena --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Mutation --- Genetic Processes --- Phenomena and Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Genetic Variation --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Chromosomal Instability --- Neoplasms --- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic --- Genetics --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Genetic aspects --- Genetic aspects. --- Cancer genetics --- Medicine. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Chromosome numbers --- Cancer genes --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general.

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Genetics --- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic --- Chromosome Aberrations --- Neoplasms --- Cancer --- Cancer genes --- Gènes du cancer --- genetics --- Genetic aspects --- Periodicals. --- Periodicals --- Aspect génétique --- Périodiques --- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic. --- Chromosome Aberrations. --- genetics. --- Genetic aspects. --- Abnormalities, Autosome --- Abnormalities, Chromosomal --- Abnormalities, Chromosome --- Chromosomal Aberrations --- Chromosome Abnormalities --- Cytogenetic Abnormalities --- Autosome Abnormalities --- Cytogenetic Aberrations --- Aberration, Chromosomal --- Aberration, Chromosome --- Aberration, Cytogenetic --- Aberrations, Chromosomal --- Aberrations, Chromosome --- Aberrations, Cytogenetic --- Abnormalities, Cytogenetic --- Abnormality, Autosome --- Abnormality, Chromosomal --- Abnormality, Chromosome --- Abnormality, Cytogenetic --- Autosome Abnormality --- Chromosomal Aberration --- Chromosomal Abnormalities --- Chromosomal Abnormality --- Chromosome Aberration --- Chromosome Abnormality --- Cytogenetic Aberration --- Cytogenetic Abnormality --- Chromosomes --- Cytogenetics --- Genetics, Medical --- Cytogenetic Analysis --- Neoplastic Cell Transformation --- Transformation, Neoplastic Cell --- Tumorigenic Transformation --- Neoplastic Transformation, Cell --- Cell Neoplastic Transformation --- Cell Neoplastic Transformations --- Cell Transformations, Neoplastic --- Neoplastic Cell Transformations --- Neoplastic Transformations, Cell --- Transformation, Cell Neoplastic --- Transformation, Tumorigenic --- Transformations, Cell Neoplastic --- Transformations, Neoplastic Cell --- Transformations, Tumorigenic --- Tumorigenic Transformations --- Cell Line, Transformed --- abnormalities --- Medical oncology --- Chemistry --- Health Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biochemistry --- Clinical Medicine --- Oncology --- Genomics --- Cytogenetics. --- Medical oncology. --- periodicals --- periodicals. --- Aspect génétique --- Périodiques --- Cancer genetics --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Tumors --- Benign Neoplasms --- Malignancy --- Malignant Neoplasms --- Neoplasia --- Neoplasm --- Neoplasms, Benign --- Benign Neoplasm --- Malignancies --- Malignant Neoplasm --- Neoplasias --- Neoplasm, Benign --- Neoplasm, Malignant --- Neoplasms, Malignant --- Tumor --- Medical Oncology --- Chromosome abnormalities. --- Aberrations chromosomiques. --- Chromosomal aberrations --- Chromosome anomalies --- Karyotypes --- Mutation (Biology)

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Genetics --- Medical genetics --- Génétique médicale --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Genetic Diseases, Inborn. --- Chromosome Aberrations. --- Genetics, Medical. --- Medical genetics. --- Human Genetics --- Medical Genetics --- Genetics, Human --- Anthropology, Physical --- Chromosome Disorders --- Sex Chromosome Disorders --- Genetic Diseases, Inborn --- Molecular Medicine --- Abnormalities, Autosome --- Abnormalities, Chromosomal --- Abnormalities, Chromosome --- Chromosomal Aberrations --- Chromosome Abnormalities --- Cytogenetic Abnormalities --- Autosome Abnormalities --- Cytogenetic Aberrations --- Aberration, Chromosomal --- Aberration, Chromosome --- Aberration, Cytogenetic --- Aberrations, Chromosomal --- Aberrations, Chromosome --- Aberrations, Cytogenetic --- Abnormalities, Cytogenetic --- Abnormality, Autosome --- Abnormality, Chromosomal --- Abnormality, Chromosome --- Abnormality, Cytogenetic --- Autosome Abnormality --- Chromosomal Aberration --- Chromosomal Abnormalities --- Chromosomal Abnormality --- Chromosome Aberration --- Chromosome Abnormality --- Cytogenetic Aberration --- Cytogenetic Abnormality --- Chromosomes --- Cytogenetics --- Genetics, Medical --- Cytogenetic Analysis --- Genetic Diseases --- Genetic Disorders --- Hereditary Disease --- Inborn Genetic Diseases --- Single-Gene Defects --- Hereditary Diseases --- Defect, Single-Gene --- Defects, Single-Gene --- Disease, Genetic --- Disease, Hereditary --- Disease, Inborn Genetic --- Diseases, Genetic --- Diseases, Hereditary --- Diseases, Inborn Genetic --- Disorder, Genetic --- Disorders, Genetic --- Genetic Disease --- Genetic Disease, Inborn --- Genetic Disorder --- Inborn Genetic Disease --- Single Gene Defects --- Single-Gene Defect --- abnormalities --- Periodicals --- Health Sciences --- Pathology --- Génétique médicale --- Périodiques --- EJBIOMO EJMEDEC ELSEVIER-E EPUB-ALPHA-E EPUB-PER-FT MDGENETI --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Genetic aspects --- Chromosome Aberrations --- Human genetics --- Medical sciences --- Genetic disorders --- Genetica --- Maladies génétiques. --- Aberrations chromosomiques. --- Génétique médicale. --- Génétique --- Maladies génétiques --- Aberrations chromosomiques

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Polyploidy – whole-genome duplication (WGD) – is a fundamental driver of biodiversity with significant consequences for genome structure, organization, and evolution.  Once considered a speciation process common only in plants, polyploidy is now recognized to have played a major role in the structure, gene content, and evolution of most eukaryotic genomes.  In fact, the diversity of eukaryotes seems closely tied to multiple WGDs. Polyploidy generates new genomic interactions – initially resulting in “genomic and transcriptomic shock” – that must be resolved in a new polyploid lineage.  This process essentially acts as a “reset” button, resulting in genomic changes that may ultimately promote adaptive speciation.   This book brings together for the first time the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of polyploid genome evolution with syntheses of the patterns and processes of genome evolution in diverse polyploid groups.  Because polyploidy is most common and best studied in plants, the book emphasizes plant models, but recent studies of vertebrates and fungi are providing fresh perspectives on factors that allow polyploid speciation and shape polyploid genomes.  The emerging paradigm is that polyploidy – through alterations in genome structure and gene regulation – generates genetic and phenotypic novelty that manifests itself at the chromosomal, physiological, and organismal levels, with long-term ecological and evolutionary consequences.

Life Sciences. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Plant breeding. --- Sciences de la vie --- Biochimie --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Plantes --- Amélioration --- Plant genetics. --- Polyploidy. --- Plants --- genetics. --- Genetics. --- Plant genetics --- Polyploidy --- Eukaryota --- Chromosome Aberrations --- Biology --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Pathologic Processes --- Organisms --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Diseases --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Genetics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Evolution --- Evolutionary genetics. --- Genetic evolution --- Plant biochemistry. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Chromosome numbers --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Composition --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics