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Understanding the Bouguer Anomaly: A Gravimetry Puzzle addresses the geophysical and geodetic applications of gravity field interpretation, taking into account the evaluation of the Bouguer anomaly. Containing several contributions that deal with persistent questions in gravity data processing and providing verified workflows, the book covers historical and practical aspects of the Bouguer anomaly. Geophysicists and exploration geologists will gain advanced knowledge in gravimetry, physical geodesy and an understanding of the evaluation and impact of the Bouguer anomaly in gravity field measurement. Covers multiple aspects of the Bouguer anomaly, including definition, historical developments and evaluation. Provides verified workflows for gravity data processing, which can be applied across research and industry. Organized with a logical flow that begins with a definition, then continues to describe state-of-the-art and advanced approaches to terrain corrections evaluationsIncludes an example of national gravity database organization and re-processing.--
Mathematics. --- Bouguer,
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Gravity surveys have a huge range of applications, indicating density variations in the subsurface and identifying man-made structures, local changes of rock type or even deep-seated structures at the crust/mantle boundary. This important one-stop book combines an introductory manual of practical procedures with a full explanation of analysis techniques, enabling students, geophysicists, geologists and engineers to understand the methodology, applications and limitations of a gravity survey. Filled with examples from a wide variety of acquisition problems, the book instructs students in avoiding common mistakes and misconceptions. It explores the increasing near-surface geophysical applications being opened up by improvements in instrumentation and provides more advance-level material as a useful introduction to potential theory. This is a key text for graduate students of geophysics and for professionals using gravity surveys, from civil engineers and archaeologists to oil and mineral prospectors and geophysicists seeking to learn more about the Earth's deep interior.
Gravity anomalies --- Geophysical surveys. --- Measurement. --- Earth (Planet) --- Crust. --- Geophysics --- Geophysics surveys --- Surveys --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Geophysical methods --- Earth
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The author of this history of mankind’s increasingly successful attempts to understand, to measure and to map the Earth’s gravity field (commonly known as ‘little g’ or just ‘g’) has been following in the footsteps of the pioneers, intermittently and with a variety of objectives, for more than fifty years. It is a story that begins with Galileo’s early experiments with pendulums and falling bodies, progresses through the conflicts between Hooke and Newton and culminates in the measurements that are now being made from aircraft and satellites. The spectacular increases in accuracy that have been achieved during this period provide the context, but the main focus is on the people, many of whom were notable eccentrics. Also covered are the reasons WHY these people thought their measurements would be useful, with emphasis in the later chapters on the place of ‘g’ in today’s applied geology, and on the ways in which it is providing new and spectacular visions of our planet. It is also, in part, a personal memoir that explores the parallels between the way fieldwork is being done now and the difficulties that accompanied its execution in the past. Selected topics in the mathematics of ‘g’ are discussed in a series of short Codas.
Gravity --- Measurement. --- Popular works. --- History. --- Geophysics. --- Earth. --- Geology. --- Popular Science. --- Popular Earth Science. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- History of Science. --- Gravimetry --- Physical geography. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Geography --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Natural history --- Double pendulums --- Pendulum --- Measurement --- Bouguer, --- Brahe, Tycho, --- Galilei, Galileo, --- Hooke, Robert, --- Kepler, Johannes, --- Newton, Isaac,
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By focusing on the mostly used variational methods, this monograph aspires to give a unified description and comparison of various ways of constructing conserved quantities for perturbations and to study symmetries in general relativity and modified theories of gravity. The main emphasis lies on the field-theoretical covariant formulation of perturbations, the canonical Noether approach and the Belinfante procedure of symmetrisation. The general formalism is applied to build the gauge-invariant cosmological perturbation theory, conserved currents and superpotentials to describe physically important solutions of gravity theories. Meticulous attention is given to the construction of conserved quantities in asymptotically-flat spacetimes as well as in asymptotically constant curvature spacetimes such as the Anti-de Sitter space. Significant part of the book can be used in graduate courses on conservation laws in general relativity. THE SERIES: DE GRUYTER STUDIES IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS The series is devoted to the publication of monographs and high-level texts in mathematical physics. They cover topics and methods in fields of current interest, with an emphasis on didactical presentation. The series will enable readers to understand, apply, and develop further, with sufficient rigor, mathematical methods to given problems in physics. The works in this series are aimed at advanced students and researchers in mathematical and theoretical physics. They can also serve as secondary reading for lectures and seminars at advanced levels.
Gravity. --- Gravity anomalies. --- Gravitational waves. --- General relativity (Physics) --- Force and energy. --- Conservation of energy --- Correlation of forces --- Energy --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Relativistic theory of gravitation --- Relativity theory, General --- Gravitation --- Relativity (Physics) --- Gravitational radiation --- Gravity waves (Astrophysics) --- Gravitational fields --- Radiation --- Waves --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Geophysics --- Mechanics --- Pendulum --- Geophysical methods
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Gravity interpretation involves inversion of data into models, but it is more. Gravity interpretation is used in a “holistic” sense going beyond “inversion”. Inversion is like optimization within certain a priori assumptions, i.e., all anticipated models lie in a limited domain of the a priori errors. No source should exist outside the anticipated model volume, but that is never literally true. Interpretation goes beyond by taking “outside” possibilities into account in the widest sense. Any neglected possibility carries the danger of seriously affecting the interpretation. Gravity interpretation pertains to wider questions such as the shape of the Earth, the nature of the continental and oceanic crust, isostasy, forces and stresses, geol- ical structure, nding useful resources, climate change, etc. Interpretation is often used synonymously with modelling and inversion of observations toward models. Interpretation places the inversion results into the wider geological or economic context and into the framework of science and humanity. Models play a central role in science. They are images of phenomena of the physical world, for example, scale images or metaphors, enabling the human mind to describe observations and re- tionships by abstract mathematical means. Models served orientation and survival in a complex, partly invisible physical and social environment.
Electronic books. -- local. --- Geological modeling. --- Gravity anomalies. --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic Physics --- Theoretical Astronomy --- Modeling, Geological --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Earth sciences. --- Geology. --- Geophysics. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Models and modelmaking --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Geophysical methods --- Physical geography. --- Geography. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Natural history --- Geography --- Measurement. --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics
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The process of regional-residual separation in potential field is age-old. Broadly, there are two techniques for regional-residual resolution, viz., graphical and analytical. Both the techniques have their own respective shortcomings. In this book, the authors have described the technique based on finite element method in which only eight (or twelve) nodal observed gravity values are used for the regional computation, thereby eliminating the possible contamination of anomalous fields and also the technique does not assume an explicit model and physical properties like density of rocks etc. in the regional computation. The book discusses the advantages of this technique viz., it is not site-specific; the computation is independent of any prior assumptions as to the form and depth of shallow or deeper structures; it can handle data distributed at random or on a regular grid on the map space; and the neighbouring surveys join smoothly. The book focuses on application of this new technique which has been demonstrated in different fields, such as hydrocarbon, minerals and groundwater, structural studies, earthquake and engineering studies and impact structures.
Gravity anomalies. --- Physics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic Physics --- Theoretical Astronomy --- Geophysics. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Earth sciences. --- Mineral resources. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Engineering. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Engineering, general. --- Mineral Resources. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Earth sciences --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Geophysical methods --- Physical geography. --- Deposits, Mineral --- Mineral deposits --- Mineral resources --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Natural resources --- Geology, Economic --- Minerals --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Geography --- Measurement . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology
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This Special Issue reports research spanning from the analysis of indirect data, modeling, and laboratory and geological data confirming the intrinsic multidisciplinarity of gas hydrate studies. The study areas are (1) Arctic, (2) Brazil, (3) Chile, and (4) the Mediterranean region. The results furnished an important tessera of the knowledge about the relationship of a gas hydrate system with other complex natural phenomena such as climate change, slope stability and earthquakes, and human activities.
ocean acidification --- risk assessment --- modeling --- molecular composition --- ecosystem --- thermogenic gas --- Eastern Mediterranean --- temperature increase --- geohazards --- São Paulo Plateau --- geohazard --- hydrate dissociation --- climate change --- BSR --- thawing --- multidisciplinary --- clathrites --- earthquake --- modelling --- methane cycle --- permafrost --- global change --- methane --- biogenic gas --- salt migration --- subaqueous permafrost --- slope stability --- Chilean margin --- magnetic data --- mantellic source --- active margin --- Arctic shelf --- environmental impact --- Amazon fan --- methane emission --- seismic interpretation --- seep-carbonates --- Bouguer anomaly --- potential methods --- gravimetric data --- methane stability --- northern Apennines --- Santos Basin --- natural gas hydrate --- carbon dioxide --- blue growth --- gas seeps --- seepage --- Chile Triple Junction --- isotopic composition --- gas hydrates --- gas hydrate --- Miocene --- Levant Basin
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