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This book analyses the opportunities and barriers for youth entrepreneurship amid systemic change in Central and Eastern Europe. The authors cover different aspects of youth entrepreneurship and its contribution to the debate on youth unemployment in transition economies.

Entrepreneurship --- Youth --- Employment --- Young people --- Young persons --- Youngsters --- Youths --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Age groups --- Life cycle, Human --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- 332.691 --- 332.71 --- 338.040 --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Vrouwen- en jongerenarbeid --- Ondernemingen: algemeenheden

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Marriage and the Economy explores how marriage influences the monetized economy as well as the household economy. Marriage institutions are to the household economy what business institutions are to the monetized economy, and marital status is clearly related to the household economy. Marriage also influences the economy as conventionally measured via its impact on labor supply, workers' productivity, savings, consumption, and government programs such as welfare programs and social security. The macro-economic analyses presented here are based on the micro-economic foundations of cost/benefit analysis, game theory, and market analysis. Micro-economic analysis of marriage, divorce, and behavior within marriages are investigated by a number of specialists in various areas of economics. Western values and laws have been very successful at transforming the way the world does business, but its success at maintaining individual commitments to family values is less impressive.

Economics --- Families --- Industrialization --- Marriage --- Married people --- Social values --- 172 --- 201 --- 332.71 --- 339.325.1 --- 347.61 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Values --- Married couples --- Married persons --- People, Married --- Persons, Married --- Couples --- Marital status --- Spouses --- Married life --- Matrimony --- Nuptiality --- Wedlock --- Love --- Sacraments --- Betrothal --- Courtship --- Home --- Honeymoons --- Industrial development --- Economic development --- Economic policy --- Deindustrialization --- Family --- Family life --- Family relationships --- Family structure --- Relationships, Family --- Structure, Family --- Social institutions --- Birth order --- Domestic relations --- Households --- Kinship --- Matriarchy --- Parenthood --- Patriarchy --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- History --- Economic aspects --- Employment --- Gezinsmoraal. Huwelijk. Echtscheiding --- Sociologie: algemeenheden --- Vrouwen- en jongerenarbeid --- Evolutie van de consumptie. Budget van de huishoudens --- Huwelijk. Huwelijkscontract --- Social aspects --- Social conditions --- Business, Economy and Management

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Many countries have social security systems that are currently financially unsustainable. Economists and policy makers have long studied this problem and identified two key causes. First, as declining birth rates raise the share of older persons in the population, the ratio of retirees to benefits-paying employees increases. Second, as falling mortality rates increase lifespans, retirees receive benefits for longer than in the past. Further exacerbating the situation, the provisions of social security programs often provide strong incentives to leave the labor force. Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World offers comparative analysis from twelve countries and examines the issue of age in the labor force. A notable group of contributors analyzes the relationship between incentives to retire and the proportion of older persons in the workforce, the effects that reforming social security would have on the employment rates of older workers, and how extending labor force participation will affect program costs. Dispelling the myth that employing older workers takes jobs away from the young, this timely volume challenges a raft of existing assumptions about the relationship between old and young people in the workforce.

Social Security --- Old age pensions --- Older people --- Youth --- Labor supply --- Retirement --- Early retirement incentives --- Employment --- Government policy --- AA / International- internationaal --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 368.40 --- 368.43 --- 332.832 --- 332.71 --- Social security --- -Youth --- -Labor supply --- -Early retirement incentives --- Incentives, Early retirement --- Retirement incentives, Early --- Incentives in industry --- Postemployment benefits --- Superannuation --- Termination of employment --- Leisure --- Old age --- Labor force --- Labor force participation --- Labor pool --- Work force --- Workforce --- Labor market --- Human capital --- Labor mobility --- Manpower --- Manpower policy --- Young people --- Young persons --- Youngsters --- Youths --- Age groups --- Life cycle, Human --- Aged --- Aging people --- Elderly people --- Old people --- Older adults --- Older persons --- Senior citizens --- Seniors (Older people) --- Persons --- Gerontocracy --- Gerontology --- Employees --- OASI (Old age and survivors insurance) --- Old age and survivors insurance --- Retirement pensions --- Survivors' benefits (Old age pensions) --- Pensions --- Insurance, Social --- Insurance, State and compulsory --- Social insurance --- Insurance --- Income maintenance programs --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden. --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen. --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen. --- Vrouwen- en jongerenarbeid. --- Social security. --- Old age pensions. --- Labor supply. --- Early retirement incentives. --- Employment. --- Government policy. --- Unemployed youth --- Older unemployed --- Vrouwen- en jongerenarbeid --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen --- E-books --- Older people - Employment --- Youth - Employment --- Retirement - Government policy --- social security, government, governing, employment, employee, work, workers, labor, retirement, international, worldwide, world, economics, political economy, aging, age, policymakers, policy, declining birth rates, population, benefits, retirees, lifespans, program, participation, extension, pensions, older people, incentives, belgium, canada, denmark, france, germany, german, french, canadian, belgians, danes.

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Economic models in much of the public economics literature have been slow to reflect the significant changes towards double-income households throughout the developed world. This graduate-level text develops a more sophisticated approach to household economics, one that allows for multiple-income earners and shared decision-making. This approach is used to present a fundamentally new view of consumption. It then applies this to an analysis of tax systems, combining theoretical analysis of optimal taxation and tax reform with careful empirical study of the characteristics of income tax systems in four different countries: Australia, Germany, the UK and the USA. The book is particularly concerned with analysing, both theoretically and empirically, the impact of taxation on female labour supply, and identifying its effects on work incentives and fairness of income distribution. All this adds up to a fascinating new approach to the economics of household for researchers in both public and private sectors.

Public economics --- Women --- Tax incidence --- Income distribution --- Households --- Employment --- Economic aspects --- Women. --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Business & Economics --- AA / International- internationaal --- AU / Australia - Australië - Australie --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- GB / United Kingdom - Verenigd Koninkrijk - Royaume Uni --- DE / Germany - Duitsland - Allemagne --- 336.204 --- 339.21 --- 332.71 --- 339.320 --- 339.325.1 --- 305.5 --- 305.93 --- weerslag, invloed, last en verdeling van de belasting. --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid. --- Vrouwen- en jongerenarbeid. --- Consumptie: algemeenheden. Wet van de vraag in verband met de consumptie. Consumptiebehoefte. Behoeftetheorie. --- Evolutie van de consumptie. Budget van de huishoudens. --- Econometrie van de variaties van de vraag. Verbruiksfunctie. Econometrie van het gedrag van de verbruiker. --- Econometrie van het gedrag van de overheid, van de uitgaven en ontvangsten van de overheid, van de begroting. Econometrie van de belastingen. --- Tax incidence. --- Income distribution. --- Employment. --- Economic aspects. --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Incidence of taxation --- Tax burden --- Tax equity --- Employment of women --- Occupations --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Taxation --- Tax shifting --- Equal pay for equal work --- Sex discrimination in employment --- Working women in motion pictures --- Econometrie van de variaties van de vraag. Verbruiksfunctie. Econometrie van het gedrag van de verbruiker --- Econometrie van het gedrag van de overheid, van de uitgaven en ontvangsten van de overheid, van de begroting. Econometrie van de belastingen --- Vrouwen- en jongerenarbeid --- weerslag, invloed, last en verdeling van de belasting --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid --- Consumptie: algemeenheden. Wet van de vraag in verband met de consumptie. Consumptiebehoefte. Behoeftetheorie --- Evolutie van de consumptie. Budget van de huishoudens --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Women - Employment --- Households - Economic aspects