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Endangered languages. --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Language and languages --- Language obsolescence

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Virtually all mobile communications systems face the problem that transmission takes place over a time-varying fading channel whose realization is unknown to the receiver. For the design of communication systems it is important to know performance limits for communication over such channels. Therefore, the present book discusses various aspects regarding the capacity/achievable data rate of stationary fading channels. In this regard, it spans a wide range from bounds on the capacity/achievable rate for such channels to a study of the achievable rate with practical receivers. It reveals in detail which portion of the mutual information between the transmitter and the receiver can be retrieved in practice by synchronized detection. In this context, the book covers: - A study of the achievable rate of stationary Rayleigh fading channels, mainly focusing on i.i.d. Gaussian input symbols, including multiple-input multiple-output and frequency-selective channels. - An examination of the achievable rate with practical systems relying on pilot symbols, including conventional receivers using synchronized detection with a solely pilot based channel estimation, enhanced receivers using code-aided channel estimation, and a comparison to the achievable rate with optimal joint processing of pilot and data symbols. - An investigation of optimal discrete input distributions, showing that periodic pilot symbols as used in practice are not capacity-achieving in general. However, they allow for receiver implementations with reasonable complexity while showing only a small decrease in performance.

Multimedia systems -- Quality control. --- Radio -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Radio -- Transmitters and transmission -- Fading. --- Radio. --- Radio --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Transmitters and transmission --- Fading --- Fading. --- Fading (Radio) --- Fading channels (Radio) --- Engineering. --- Coding theory. --- Computer mathematics. --- Electrical engineering. --- Communications Engineering, Networks. --- Coding and Information Theory. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Telecommunication. --- Computer science. --- Informatics --- Science --- Data compression (Telecommunication) --- Digital electronics --- Information theory --- Machine theory --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Computer programming --- Electric communication --- Mass communication --- Telecom --- Telecommunication industry --- Telecommunications --- Communication --- Telecommuting --- Information theory. --- Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Mathematics --- Communication theory --- Cybernetics --- Electric engineering --- Engineering

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Endangered languages --- Language obsolescence --- Linguistic change --- Endangered languages. --- Language obsolescence. --- Linguistic change. --- Afrikanische Sprachen. --- Bedrohte Sprache. --- Dokumentation. --- Linguistik. --- Språkvetenskap. --- Antropologisk lingvistik. --- Språkdöd. --- Språk. --- Afrika. --- Africa. --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Historical linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language death --- Obsolescence of languages --- Sociolinguistics --- Extinct languages --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Obsolescence

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The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide is a thorough guide to the indigenous languages of this part of the world. With more than a third of the linguistic diversity of the world (in terms of language families and isolates), South American languages contribute new findings in most areas of linguistics. Though formerly one of the linguistically least known areas of the world, extensive descriptive and historical linguistic research in recent years has expanded knowledge greatly. These advances are represented in this volume in in depth treatments by the foremost scholars in the field, with chapters on the history of investigation, language classification, language endangerment, language contact, typology, phonology and phonetics, and on major language families and regions of South America.

Indians of South America --- Endangered languages. --- Language and culture. --- Culture and language --- Culture --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Language and languages --- Language obsolescence --- Languages. --- Indians of South America - Languages --- Endangered languages --- Language and culture --- General Linguistics. --- Indigenous Languages of South America.

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In Small-language Fates and Prospects Nancy C. Dorian gathers findings from decades of documenting an endangered Scottish Gaelic dialect, presenting detailed evidence of contraction and loss but also recording a positive role for imperfect speakers. Retention of language skills undervalued by linguists but positively viewed by the community has supported the survival of local Gaelic-English bilingualism well beyond early predictions. Nonetheless, potent factors that threaten small-language survival everywhere have also operated here. Negative social attitudes towards the minority population, loss of a traditional occupation, the increasing impact of majority-culture ideologies, are recurrent phenomena in small-language settings. Maintenance or revitalization efforts pose special challenges under these circumstances, as does fieldwork itself when adverse sociohistorical forces have left very few fluent speakers.

Endangered languages. --- Scottish Gaelic language --- Erse language --- Gaelic language --- Gaelic language, Scots --- Gaelic language, Scottish --- Scots Gaelic language --- Scottish language (Celtic) --- Goidelic languages --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Language and languages --- Language obsolescence --- Dialects --- Endangered languages