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Proteins act as macromolecular machinery that mediate many diverse biological processes - the molecular mechanisms of this machinery has fascinated biologists for decades. Analysis of the kinetic and thermodynamic features of these mechanisms could reveal unprecedented aspects of how the machinery function and will eventually lead to a novel understanding of various biological processes. This dissertation comprehensively demonstrates how two universally conserved guanosine triphosphatases in the signal recognition particle and its membrane receptor maintain the efficiency and fidelity of the co-translational protein targeting process essential to all cells. A series of quantitative experiments reveal that the highly ordered and coordinated conformational states of the machinery are the key to their regulatory function. This dissertation also offers a mechanistic view of another fascinating system in which multistate protein machinery closely control critical biological processes.

Guanosine triphosphatase. --- Protein binding. --- Chemistry --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Organic Chemistry --- Animal Biochemistry --- G proteins --- Guanosine triphosphatase --- Biological transport. --- Physiological transport. --- GTP-binding proteins --- GTP regulatory proteins --- Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins --- Guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins --- Membrane transport --- Passive transport, Biological --- Physiological transport --- Transport, Biological --- GTP phosphohydrolase --- GTPase --- Guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase --- Guanosinetriphosphatase --- Chemistry. --- Analytical chemistry. --- Bioorganic chemistry. --- Biochemistry. --- Proteomics. --- Bioorganic Chemistry. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Molecular biology --- Proteins --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Bio-organic chemistry --- Biological organic chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Organic --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Metallurgical analysis --- Mineralogy, Determinative --- Physical sciences --- Composition --- Diffusion --- Osmosis --- Phosphatases --- Membrane proteins --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Analytic biochemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Bioanalytic chemistry --- Bioanalytical chemistry --- Analytic chemistry

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Sustainable buildings. --- Ecologically sustainable buildings --- Environmentally sustainable buildings --- Green buildings (Green technology) --- Buildings --- Sustainable development

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The book summarizes the emerging topic about the effects of SMF on biological samples ranging from single molecules, subcellular compartments, and cells to whole organisms. It also discusses the potential application of SMF in clinical treatment of cancer, pain, diabetes and other diseases. With the development and growing popularity of modern appliances like MRI in hospitals, the potential impact of magnetic fields on human health is invoking increasing concerns. At the same time, SMF has been explored in the treatment of tumor and other diseases for decades. Nevertheless, there are still some reservations and uncertainties about these treatments, which are largely due to the differential biological effects reported in the literature. These experimental inconsistencies are mainly caused by variations such as different magnetic field types, intensities, treatment time, as well as biological samples examined. The second edition added eight new chapters about new progress in this field including impacts of SMFs, magnetism of biomolecules, and potential of SMFs in the management of bone, pain, diabetes, and immune systems. This volume will help clarify some dilemmas in this field and encourage further investigations in order to achieve a better understanding of the biological effects of SMF, aiming for a rational application of SMF in clinical therapy in the near future. The book is useful for scientists, doctors, and students who are interested in magnetic fields and life sciences.

Medicine—Research. --- Biology—Research. --- Cytology. --- Biomedical Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Electromagnetic fields --- Electromagnetism --- Health aspects. --- Physiological effect. --- Electromagnetic waves --- Physiological effect

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A power converter is a device used in electrical engineering, power engineering, and the electric power sector to convert electric energy from one form to another, such as converting between AC and DC, changing voltage or frequency, or a combination of these. It is used in a variety of applications, such as industrial drives, power supply, energy generating equipment, consumer goods, electrical vehicles/aeroplanes/ships, smart grids and more. This book will open a door for engineers to design the power converters via the artificial intelligence (AI) method. It begins by reviewing current AI technology in power converters. The book then introduces customized AI algorithms for power converters that take into account the particular characteristics of power converters. The book then presents a set of AI-based design methodologies for power devices, including DC/DC converters, resonant DC/DC converters, bidirectional DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, and AC/DC rectifiers. This is the first book to cover all you need to know about using AI to create power converters, including a literature review, algorithm, and circuit design.

Electric power production. --- Computational intelligence. --- Electrical Power Engineering. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- Electric power generation --- Electricity generation --- Power production, Electric --- Electric power systems --- Electrification --- Electric current converters. --- Converters, Electric --- Electric converters --- Electric machinery --- Electric power supplies to apparatus --- Power electronics --- Electric current converters --- Design and construction.

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The book summarizes the emerging topic about the effects of SMF on biological samples ranging from single molecules, subcellular compartments, and cells to whole organisms, as well as the potential application of SMF in clinical treatment of cancer and other diseases. With the development and growing popularity of modern appliances, including MRI in the hospitals, the potential impact of magnetic fields on human health is invoking increasing concerns. At the same time, SMF has been used in the clinical treatment of tumors and other diseases for decades. However, there are still some reservations and uncertainties about these treatments, which are largely due to the differential biological effects reported in the literature. These experimental inconsistencies are mainly caused by variations such as different magnetic field types, intensities, treatment time as well as biological samples examined. This volume will help clarify some dilemmas in this field and encourage further investigations in order to achieve a better understanding of the biological effects of SMF, aiming for a rational application of SMF in clinical therapy in the near future. The book is useful for scientists doctors, and students who are interested in magnetic fields and life sciences.

Magnetic fields --- Physiological effect. --- Magnetism --- Physiological effect --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Biomagnetism --- Oncology. --- Cytology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Tumors --- Cancer research