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This book explores the thought of Alexius Meinong, a philosopher known for his unconventional theory of reference and predication. The chapters cover a natural progression of topics, beginning with the origins of Gegenstandstheorie, Meinong’s theory of objects, and his discovery of assumptions as a fourth category of mental states to supplement his teacher Franz Brentano’s references to presentations, feelings, and judgments. The chapters explore further the meaning and metaphysics of fictional and other nonexistent intended objects, fine points in Meinongian object theory are considered and new and previously unanticipated problems are addressed. The author traces being and non-being, and aspects of beingless objects including objects in fiction, ideal objects in scientific theory, objects ostensibly referred to in false science and false history, and intentional imaginative projection of future states of affairs. The chapters focus on an essential choice of conceptual, logical, semantic, ontic and more generally metaphysical problems, and an argument is progressively developed from the first to the final chapter, as key ideas are introduced and refined. Meinong studies have come a long way from Bertrand Russell’s off-target criticisms, and recent times have seen a rise of interest in a Meinongian approach to logic and the theory of meaning. New thinkers see Meinong as a bridge figure between analytic and continental thought, thanks to the need for an adequate semantics of meaning in philosophy of language and philosophy of mind, making this book a particularly timely publication.

Philosophy. --- History of Philosophy. --- Metaphysics. --- Ontology. --- Phenomenology. --- Philosophy of Mind. --- Philosophy (General). --- Philosophy of mind. --- Métaphysique --- Ontologie --- Phénoménologie --- Philosophie de l'esprit --- Meinong, A. -- (Alexius), -- 1853-1920. --- Philosophy & Religion --- Philosophy --- Meinong, A. --- Meinong, Alexius, --- Meinong, --- God --- Ontology --- Philosophy of mind --- Phenomenology . --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Cognitive science --- Metaphysics --- Philosophical anthropology --- Philosophy, Modern --- Being --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities

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The papers presented in this volume examine topics of central interest in contemporary philosophy of logic. They include reflections on the nature of logic and its relevance for philosophy today, and explore in depth developments in informal logic and the relation of informal to symbolic logic, mathematical metatheory and the limiting metatheorems, modal logic, many-valued logic, relevance and paraconsistent logic, free logics, extensional v. intensional logics, the logic of fiction, epistemic logic, formal logical and semantic paradoxes, the concept of truth, the formal theory of entailment,

Logic. --- Philosophy. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology --- Logic

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One in the series New Dialogues in Philosophy, edited by the author himself, Dale Jacquette presents a fictional dialogue over a three-day period on the ethical complexities of capital punishment. Jacquette moves his readers from outlining basic issues in matters of life and death, to questions of justice and compassion, with a concluding dialogue on the conditional and unconditional right to life. Jacquette's characters talk plainly and thoughtfully about the death penalty, and readers are left to determine for themselves how best to think about the morality of putting people to death.

Capital punishment --- Abolition of capital punishment --- Death penalty --- Death sentence --- Criminal law --- Punishment --- Executions and executioners --- Moral and ethical aspects.

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Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) crafted one of the most comprehensive philosophical systems the world has ever seen. He weaved together the ideas of Plato, Kant and Asian religions into an encyclopedic worldview that combines the empirical science of his day with Eastern mysticism in a radically idealist metaphysics and epistemology. In The Philosophy of Schopenhauer, Dale Jacquette assesses Schopenhauer's philosophical enterprise and the astonishing array of implications it has for metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, philosophy of logic, science and religion. Jacquette provides clear exposition and analysis of the central topics in Schopenhauer's philosophy including his so-called pessimistic philosophical appraisal of the human condition, his examination of the concept of death, his dualistic analysis of free will, and his simplified non-Kantian theory of morality. His metaphysics of the world as representation and Will; his most important and controversial contribution to philosophy; is discussed in depth and the arguments by which he hopes to prove that thing-in-itself is Will are evaluated. The legacy of Schopenhauer's ideas, and in particular his influence on Nietzsche and Wittgenstein, is explored in the final chapter.

Schopenhauer, Arthur, --- Criticism and interpretation.

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The theory of oppositions based on Aristotelian foundations of logic has been pictured in a striking square diagram which can be understood and applied in many different ways having repercussions in various fields: epistemology, linguistics, mathematics, sociology, physics. The square can also be generalized in other two-dimensional or multi-dimensional objects extending in breadth and depth the original Aristotelian theory. The square of opposition is a very attractive theme which has been going through centuries without evaporating. Since 10 years there is a new growing interest for the square due to recent discoveries and challenging interpretations. This book presents a collection of previously unpublished papers by high level specialists of the square from all over the world.

Inference. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Logic. --- Opposition, Theory of. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Opposition, Theory of --- Inference --- Mathematics --- Philosophy --- Philosophy & Religion --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Logic --- Mathematical Theory --- Square. --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Mathematics. --- Mathematical logic. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Mathematics, general. --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology --- Quadrilaterals --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Math