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Anthropology is a notoriously polysemous term. Within a continental European academic context, it is usually employed in the sense of philosophical anthropology, and mainly concerned with exploring concepts of a universal human nature. By contrast, Anglo-American scholarship almost exclusively associates anthropology with the investigation of cultural and ethnic differences (cultural anthropology). How these two main traditions (and their 'derivations' such as literary anthropology, historical anthropology, ethnology, ethnography, intercultural studies) relate to each other is a matter of debate. Both, however, have their roots in the path-breaking changes that occurred within sixteenth and early seventeenth-century culture and scientific discourse. It was in fact during this period that the term anthropology first acquired the meanings on which its current usage is based. The Renaissance did not 'invent' the human. But the period that gave rise to 'humanism' witnessed an unprecedented diversification of the concept that was at its very core. The question of what defines the human became increasingly contested as new developments like the emergence of the natural sciences, religious pluralisation, as well as colonial expansion, were undermining old certainties. The proliferation of doctrines of the human in the early modern age bears out the assumption that anthropology is a discipline of crisis, seeking to establish sets of common values and discursive norms in situations when authority finds itself under pressure.

Comparative literature --- Thematology --- Philosophy and psychology of culture --- anno 1500-1599 --- Anthropology. --- Human beings. --- Renaissance. --- Renaissance --- Revival of letters --- Civilization --- History, Modern --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Modern --- Humanism --- Middle Ages --- Homo sapiens --- Human race --- Humanity (Human beings) --- Humankind --- Humans --- Man --- Mankind --- People --- Hominids --- Persons --- Human beings --- History --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences --- Anthropology in Literature (Early Modern Age).

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Revisionen des Epochenprofils durch einen historisch trennscharfen Konzept-rahmen zu ermöglichen - mit diesem Ziel hat der Münchner Sonderforschungsbereich 573 eine Heuristik erarbeitet, die sich von den Teleologien vorgängiger Forschungsparadigmen abhebt. Anders als Konzepte wie ,Modernisierung', ,Säkularisierung' oder ,Rationalisierung' zielt diese Heuristik darauf ab, richtungsoffene und widersprüchliche Entwicklungen auf allen Ebenen der frühneuzeitlichen Kultur zu erkennen und zu beschreiben. Für die Frühe Neuzeit ist typisch, dass Autoritäten auf Gegenautoritäten treffen, Institutionen miteinander konkurrieren, Traditionen in Frage gestellt werden, unterschiedliche Modelle der Praxis entwickelt werden und die Ordnung der Disziplinen durch epistemische und mediale Umbrüche transformiert wird. Die Dynamik der Pluralisierung erfasst somit auch deren - vermeintlich statisches - Pendant, die Autorität, die sich in Prozessen der Autorisierung stets neu behaupten muss. Die Aufsätze des Bandes - zehn von Münchner, fünf von auswärtigen Beiträgern - entstammen größtenteils der Abschlusstagung, mit der der SFB Ergebnisse und Perspektiven seiner elfjährigen Forschungsarbeit zur Diskussion stellte.

Contingency. --- Discourse analysis. --- Diskursanalyse. --- Kontingenz. --- Teleologie. --- Teleology. --- Neuzeit --- LITERARY CRITICISM / General. --- 1500 --- -Europe --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- History