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In contrast to their idealized image as christian altruists, the missionaries responded pragmatically to the harsh social realities they faced. They established WMS girls' schools in Japan and China, made efforts to curtail infanticide and footbinding in West China, and campaigned against the exploitation of women of immigrant families in Canada. These were radical schemes, particularly when compared with the traditional societies and cultures where the missionaries not merely served but struggled for small victories. Rosemary Gagan concludes, however, that in spite of the limitations imposed by gender, place, and the institutional biases of the WMS, these women succeeded remarkably well. For some WMS recruits, the remoteness and brutality of their chosen vocation threatened to destroy their physical, emotional, and even spiritual well-being. For others, especially the least qualified women who were consigned to work among Canada's indigenous peoples and immigrants, missionary work quickly lost its romantic gloss. The most accomplished recruits, socially and intellectually, were sent to the politically visible stations of the Orient where they flourished as professional altruists. Gagan suggests that the latter were likely to emerge as professional women who remained with the Society until death or retirement while the former merely bridged the years between dependence on parents and the establishment of their own households. Gagan's analysis of the backgrounds and careers of WMS missionaries demythologizes their experience and reveals them to be multi-dimensional, ambitious, and energetic career women whose religion was a vital aspect of their private and public lives.
Women missionaries --- Missionaries, Women --- Women as missionaries --- Missionaries --- Women in Christianity --- History. --- Methodist Church (Canada) --- Methodist Church of Canada --- Bible Christian Church (Canada) --- Primitive Methodist Church in Canada --- United Church of Canada --- Missions --- J1920.70 --- J1927.50 --- History --- Japan: Religion -- Christianity -- history -- Kindai (1850s- ), bakumatsu, Meiji, Taishō --- Japan: Religion -- Christianity -- sects, schools and denominations -- protestant --- E-books
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The Great Depression, however, finally exhausted the average patient's ability to pay and engendered a national health-care crisis. A public hospital insurance scheme was first achieved in Saskatchewan in 1947 and nationally in 1957. Universal accessibility without fear of the financial consequences of hospitalization reflected concern for both the medical health of Canadians unable to pay for hospital care, and the economic health of the paying 'patient of moderate means' threatened with medical pauperization. It also provided the resources necessary to address the modern epidemic of lifestyle diseases and to accommodate the demands of the post-war therapeutic revolution. Employing the historical records of selected individual hospitals, reports and data from all levels of government, a wide range of professional medical, nursing, hospital, and public health journals, and the international historiography of hospital history, David and Rosemary Gagan describe and account for the invention, rise, decline, and rebirth of the modern Canadian hospital between 1890 and 1950. They pay particular attention to the evolving interdependence of doctors and hospitals in the struggle to legitimate the social and cultural authority of scientific medicine, the evolution of hospital-based nursing, and the experiences of patients.
Public hospitals --- Federal hospitals --- Government hospitals --- Hospitals, Public --- National hospitals --- Hospitals --- Public institutions --- History. --- Hôpitaux publics --- Histoire.
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