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‘The authors explore how individual motivations in collectivistic societies such as Saudi Arabia may be different from those in individualistic Western societies.  They demonstrate how one such theory, the widely accepted Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, is bounded by culture, religion, and tradition, and has limited generalizability outside the West.’ —Eddy Ng, Professor and F.C. Manning Chair in Economics and Business, Dalhousie University ‘This book contributes to motivation scholarship by putting the theory to test in an under-researched cultural context. Such an endeavour is more than welcome and highly topical in a context where people of Islamic faith and/or from the Middle East are all too often caricatured in the media and political arena, with little empirical knowledge available on which to base analysis.’ —Alain Klarsfeld, Professor of Human Resource Management, Toulouse Business School, University of Toulouse p>p This book investigates the relevance of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as a theory of motivation, whilst taking into account variances in culture and individual experiences and perspectives. Focussing on higher education, the book responds to the call for providing alternative conceptual models, other than those originating from the Anglo-Saxon world. The authors take a contextual approach and use the case of Saudi Arabia to understand motivation in a collectivist, highly religious and conservative society of the Middle East. Providing empirical findings from a study carried out at two Saudi universities differing in their religious outlook, this book reveals a hierarchy of needs that is significantly different from the theory proposed by Maslow. Religion, culture and gender are explored in detail as the authors investigate the relevance of Maslow’s theory in a region that is of growing interest to policy-makers and practitioners in North America and Europe, offering a truly insightful read to an international audience.

Business. --- Manpower policy. --- Higher education. --- Business and Management. --- Asian Business. --- Human Resource Development. --- Cross-Cultural Management. --- Employee Health and Wellbeing. --- Higher Education. --- Diversity Management/Women in Business. --- Employee motivation --- Universities and colleges --- Employees. --- Colleges --- Degree-granting institutions --- Higher education institutions --- Higher education providers --- Institutions of higher education --- Postsecondary institutions --- Public institutions --- Schools --- Education, Higher --- Motivation in industry --- Work motivation --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Personnel management --- Psychology, Industrial --- Goal setting in personnel management --- International business enterprises. --- Asia—Economic conditions. --- International business enterprises—Cross-cultural studies. --- Employee health promotion. --- Education, Higher. --- Diversity in the workplace. --- Cultural diversity in the workplace --- Cultural diversity in workforce --- Diversity in the workforce --- Diversity in the work place --- Multicultural diversity in the workplace --- Multicultural workforce --- Workforce diversity --- Multiculturalism --- College students --- Higher education --- Postsecondary education --- Employee wellness programs --- Employees --- Health promotion in the workplace --- Occupational health promotion --- Workplace health promotion --- Worksite health promotion --- Health promotion --- Occupational health services --- Employment policy --- Human resource development --- Labor market --- Labor market policy --- Manpower utilization --- Labor policy --- Labor supply --- Trade adjustment assistance --- Business enterprises, International --- Corporations, International --- Global corporations --- International corporations --- MNEs (International business enterprises) --- Multinational corporations --- Multinational enterprises --- Transnational corporations --- Business enterprises --- Corporations --- Joint ventures --- Education --- Government policy