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This collective book provides a review and summary of recent ten-year research in runaway electron preionized diffuse discharges (REP DD) formed in an inhomogeneous electric field in different gases at increased pressure. Attention is also given to volume (diffuse) discharges in a homogeneous electric field, barrier discharges, and so-called open low-pressure discharges. The book has contributions by research groups from different countries and institutes, which added much to the scope of data presented. New experimental techniques and equipment, including those with picosecond time resolution

Electrons --- Electric discharges through gases. --- Electricity --- Gases, Electric discharges through --- Cathode rays --- Ions --- Vacuum --- Vacuum-tubes --- Electron diffusion --- Diffusion --- Diffusion. --- Discharges through gases

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Mit der Verbreitung digitaler Technologien können Benutzer immer mehr mitbestimmen, wo und wofür digitale Gegenstände eingesetzt werden: Der Gebrauch wird selbst zur Gestaltung. Designer sollten darauf gerade nicht reagieren, indem sie technische Geräte »intuitiv« bedienbar machen - sondern im Gegenteil: Je wagemutiger das Design ist, desto kreativer kann es im Gebrauch umgenutzt werden. Am Beispiel elektronischer Textilien lotet Katharina Bredies das Umnutzungspotenzial ungewöhnlicher Objekte aus. Sie zeigt: Das professionelle Entwerfen und der kreative Gebrauch werden zu zwei Schauplätzen der gleichen Aktivität. Dieses Verständnis von Gebrauch als Design erfordert neue Begriffe und Methoden für professionelle Gestalter. Besprochen in: GMK-Newsletter, 1 (2015) designreport, 1 (2015) form, 259 (2015)

Kreativität; Interface; Design; Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion; Textilien; Forschung Durch Design; Techniksoziologie; Creativity; Human-computer Interaction; Textiles; Research Through Design; Sociology of Technology --- Design. --- Human-computer Interaction. --- Interface. --- Research Through Design. --- Sociology of Technology. --- Textiles.

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Subchapter S corporations --- S corporations --- Small business corporations (Subchapter S corporations) --- Pass-through businesses --- Taxation --- Valuation --- E-books

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This book presents a comprehensive overview of research on environmentally friendly insulating gases, in response to the urgent calls for developing alternatives to SF6 due to the increasing awareness of the threat it poses as a greenhouse gas. It covers gas dielectrics, SF6 and its mixtures, and potential alternative gases, providing fundamental information on gas discharge and gas insulation and especially focusing on the development of new environmentally friendly insulating gases over the last decade. The book begins by describing the insulating and arcing characteristics of SF6, followed by an introduction to the gas dielectrics performance of SF6 gas mixtures with buffer gases. The latest findings on new environmentally friendly insulating gases are described in detail, and suggestions for practical application are also provided. Graduate students and teachers involved in high-voltage and insulation engineering can use the book as teaching material. Researchers working in plasma science, laser action and related applied physics fields can also benefit from the book’s analytical approach and detailed data; engineers from the fields of electric power operation systems and electrical manufacturing will find it a valuable reference work for solving practical problems.

Production of electric energy or. --- Electrical Engineering --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electric discharges through gases. --- Electricity --- Gases, Electric discharges through --- Discharges through gases --- Cathode rays --- Electrons --- Ions --- Vacuum --- Vacuum-tubes --- Power Electronics, Electrical Machines and Networks. --- Plasma Physics. --- Applied and Technical Physics. --- Power electronics. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Electronics, Power --- Electric power --- Electronics

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Using both regression- and VAR-based estimates, the paper finds that the exchange rate pass-through to import prices for a large number of countries is incomplete and larger than the pass-through to export prices. Previous studies have reported similar results, which give rise to the puzzle that while local currency pricing is needed to account for incomplete import price pass-through, it would not imply a lower export price pass-through. Recent explanations of this puzzle have emphasized markup adjustment in response to exchange rate changes. This paper suggests an alternative explanation based on the presence of both producer and local currency pricing. Using a dynamic general equilibrium model, the paper shows that a mix of producer and local currency pricing can explain the pass-through evidence even with a constant markup. The model can also explain the observed exchange rate and inflation variability as well as the fact that the regression and VAR estimates tend to be similar.

Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- Exchange rate pass-through. --- Prices. --- Commercial products --- Commodity prices --- Justum pretium --- Price theory --- Foreign exchange rate pass-through --- Pass-through of exchange rates --- Prices --- Consumption (Economics) --- Cost --- Costs, Industrial --- Money --- Cost and standard of living --- Supply and demand --- Value --- Wages --- Willingness to pay --- Foreign exchange rates --- Imports --- Exports --- Econometric models --- E-books --- International trade --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- International Policy Coordination and Transmission --- Monetary Policy --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary economics --- Export prices --- Import prices --- Exchange rates --- Exchange rate pass-through --- Currencies --- United States