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The first detection on Earth of a gravitational wave signal from the coalescence of a binary black hole system in 2015 established a new era in astronomy, allowing the scientific community to observe the Universe with a new form of radiation for the first time. More than five years later, many more gravitational wave signals have been detected, including the first binary neutron star coalescence in coincidence with a gamma ray burst and a kilonova observation. The field of gravitational wave astronomy is rapidly evolving, making it difficult to keep up with the pace of new detector designs, discoveries, and astrophysical results. This Special Issue is, therefore, intended as a review of the current status and future directions of the field from the perspective of detector technology, data analysis, and the astrophysical implications of these discoveries. Rather than presenting new results, the articles collected in this issue will serve as a reference and an introduction to the field. This Special Issue will include reviews of the basic properties of gravitational wave signals; the detectors that are currently operating and the main sources of noise that limit their sensitivity; planned upgrades of the detectors in the short and long term; spaceborne detectors; a data analysis of the gravitational wave detector output focusing on the main classes of detected and expected signals; and implications of the current and future discoveries on our understanding of astrophysics and cosmology.
Research & information: general --- Physics --- LIGO --- Virgo --- KAGRA --- gravitational waves --- detector characterization --- data quality --- noise mitigation --- seismic noise --- Newtonian noise --- seismic isolation system --- noise subtraction --- DECIGO --- thermal noise --- quantum noise --- diffraction loss --- interferometers --- ground based gravitational-wave detector --- Advanced Virgo --- gravitational-wave backgrounds --- stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds --- stochastic searches of gravitational waves --- gravitational-wave laser interferometers --- pulsar timing arrays --- gravitational wave detectors --- optomechanics --- low-noise high-power laser interferometry --- calibration --- interferometer --- gravitational wave --- astrophysics --- laser metrology --- squeezed states --- quantum optics --- gravitational wave detector --- laser interferometer --- cryogenics --- underground --- einstein telescope --- newtonian noise --- coating noise --- silicon --- suspensions --- payload --- cryostat --- core-collapse supernova --- future detectors --- continuous gravitational waves --- neutron stars --- dark matter --- gravitational-wave astrophysics --- stars --- black holes --- stellar evolution --- binary stars --- stellar dynamics --- laser interferometers --- n/a
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Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO), which transmits multiple data streams via multiple antenna elements, is one of the most attractive technologies in the wireless communication field. Its extension, called ‘massive MIMO’ or ‘large-scale MIMO’, in which base station has over one hundred of the antenna elements, is now seen as a promising candidate to realize 5G and beyond, as well as 6G mobile communications. It has been the first decade since its fundamental concept emerged. This Special Issue consists of 19 papers and each of them focuses on a popular topic related to massive MIMO systems, e.g. analog/digital hybrid signal processing, antenna fabrication, and machine learning incorporation. These achievements could boost its realization and deepen the academic and industrial knowledge of this field.
distributed massive MIMO --- phase noise --- amplified thermal noise --- spectral efficiency --- 5G --- massive MIMO --- computational efficiency --- precoding algorithms --- channel estimation --- far-field --- antenna array --- diagnosis procedure --- noisy data --- BCS --- millimeter-wave --- energy efficiency --- pilot contamination --- quantization noise --- massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) --- distributed antenna systems (DAS) --- sounding reference signal (SRS) --- Massive MIMO --- pilot decontamination --- MSE --- dynamic user scheduling --- dynamic pilot allocation --- beamforming --- line-of-sight --- Ricean fading --- frequency-selective --- power scaling --- hybrid beamforming --- HetNets --- mmWaves --- analog multi-beam --- hybrid beam-forming --- PHY layer --- MAC layer --- pilot assignment --- large-scale fading coefficients --- Bayesian inference --- overcomplete dictionary --- diamond-ring slot --- dual-polarized antenna --- mobile-phone antenna --- pattern diversity --- Metamaterials (MTM) --- leaky-wave antenna (LWA) --- antenna arrays --- substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) --- transverse slots --- beam-scanning --- mutual coupling isolation --- millimetre-wave --- composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) --- 5G wireless networks --- non-coherent detection --- QAM --- multi-user MIMO --- space division multiple access (SDMA) --- block diagonalization (BD) --- non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) --- broadcast channel --- discontinuous deception --- multiple beam communications --- artificial intelligence --- wireless communications --- non-orthogonal unicast and multicast transmission --- statistical channel state information --- beam domain --- massive MIMO systems --- MIDE algorithm --- low computational complexity --- BER --- resource allocation --- n/a
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