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The use of wheel-individual drives on the steered axle simultaneously enables propulsion and implementation of steering assistance. This work presents a closed-loop and open-loop method for controlling wheel-selective drives with the aim of reducing the steering wheel torque. The proposed optimal linear-quadratic-integral controller achieves a high control quality while ensuring driving safety and reducing energy consumption.

Mechanical engineering & materials --- wheel individual --- steering assistance --- steering torque --- closed-loop control --- Open-loop control --- radselektiv --- Lenkkraftunterstützung --- Lenkradmoment --- Regelung --- Steuerung

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The emergence of electric drives opens up new opportunities in vehicle design. For example, powerful in-wheel motors pro -vide unprecedented flexibility in chassis design and are suitable for distributed drive solutions, although implying non-trivial vehicle dynamics control problems. This work aims at a new differential steering concept relying only on passive steering linkages where the necessary steering moment about the kingpins is generated by traction force differences produced by in-wheel motors. For the analysis of the proposed steering concept, a tailored multi-body system model is introduced along with the associated steering control system. In addition, this work explores the general applicability of such a new steering concept by using multi-objective optimisation. For this purpose, various design objectives and constraints are defined with respect to the dynamic, steady-state and low-speed steering performance of the vehicle. The resulting behaviour of the proposed steering concept is investigated by various simulation experiments demonstrating a comparable steering performance to that of conventional passenger cars.

Electric vehicles. --- Steering-gear. --- Rudder --- Marine engineering --- EVs (Electric vehicles) --- Vehicles, Electric --- Motor vehicles

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Yachts --- Stability of ships. --- Motion control devices. --- Automatic pilot (Ships) --- Steering-gear. --- Global Positioning System. --- Design and construction. --- Tecnological innovations.

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The course keeping and manoeuvring requirements for a ship are governed by international maritime law. In assessing and predicting the course keeping and manoeuvring capabilities of the ship, knowledge is required of the rudder forces necessary to keep a course or facilitate a manoeuvre. The second edition of Marine Rudders, Hydrofoils and Control Surfaces includes up-to-date data and rudder design techniques that enable the rudder forces to be estimated, together with any interactions due to the hull and propeller. The new edition describes the design and application of hydrofoils including shape adaptive design, and their applications including hydrofoil craft, yachts, and kite surfing hydrofoils. The professional will also face the need to design control surfaces for motion control, such as roll and pitch, for surface vessels and submersibles, and the book contains the necessary techniques and data to carry out these tasks.

Steering-gear. --- Ships --- Hydrodynamics. --- Hydrodynamics --- Naval architecture --- Stability of ships --- Rudder --- Marine engineering --- Dynamics --- Vaixells --- Servomotor del timó --- Hidrodinàmica. --- Arquitectura naval --- Hidrodinàmica --- Dinàmica --- Estabilitat --- Enginyeria naval

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This book demonstrates that different rudder configurations have different hydrodynamic characteristics, which are influenced by the profile, the parameters, and the specific configuration. The author proposes new regression formulas to help naval architects quickly estimate the rudder-induced forces and moments in maneuvering. Furthermore, the author proposes and validates an integrated maneuvering model for both seagoing ships and inland vessels. Using the proposed regression formulas and maneuvering model, the specific impacts of rudder configurations on inland vessel maneuverability are studied. In turn, the book demonstrates the application of Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations to obtain rudder hydrodynamic characteristics, and the integration of the RANS results into maneuvering models as an accurate estimation of rudder forces and moments needed to quantify the impacts of rudder configurations on ships’ maneuvering performance. In addition, the author proposes new criteria for the prediction and evaluation of inland vessel maneuverability. Simulations of ships with various rudder configurations are presented, in order to analyze the impacts of rudder configurations on ship maneuverability in different classic and proposed test maneuvers. Offering essential guidance on the effects of rudders for inland vessel maneuverability, and helping practical engineers make informed design choices, the book is of interest to researchers and academics in the field of naval engineering, as well as students of naval architecture. Industrial practitioners working on ship design may also find it beneficial.

Steering-gear. --- Engineering design --- Computer-aided design. --- Design, Engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Rudder --- Marine engineering --- Design --- Transportation engineering. --- Traffic engineering. --- Engineering design. --- Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering. --- Engineering Design. --- Engineering, Traffic --- Road traffic --- Street traffic --- Traffic, City --- Traffic control --- Traffic regulation --- Urban traffic --- Highway engineering --- Transportation engineering --- Civil engineering --- Steering-gear --- Mathematical models.