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In the study of sensorimotor systems, an important research goal has been to understand the way neural networks in the spinal cord and brain interact to control voluntary movement. Computational modeling has provided insight into the interaction between centrally generated commands, proprioceptive feedback signals and the biomechanical responses of the moving body. Research in this field is also driven by the need to improve and optimize rehabilitation after nervous system injury and to devise biomimetic methods of control in robotic devices. This research topic is focused on efforts dedicated to identify and model the neuromechanical control of movement. Neural networks in the brain and spinal cord are known to generate patterned activity that mediates coordinated activation of multiple muscles in both rhythmic and discrete movements, e.g. locomotion and reaching. Commands descending from the higher centres in the CNS modulate the activity of spinal networks, which control movement on the basis of sensory feedback of various types, including that from proprioceptive afferents. The computational models will continue to shed light on the central strategies and mechanisms of sensorimotor control and learning. This research topic demonstrated that computational modeling is playing a more and more prominent role in the studies of postural and movement control. With increasing ability to gather data from all levels of the neuromechanical sensorimotor systems, there is a compelling need for novel, creative modeling of new and existing data sets, because the more systematic means to extract knowledge and insights about neural computations of sensorimotor systems from these data is through computational modeling. While models should be based on experimental data and validated with experimental evidence, they should also be flexible to provide a conceptual framework for unifying diverse data sets, to generate new insights of neural mechanisms, to integrate new data sets into the general framework, to validate or refute hypotheses and to suggest new testable hypotheses for future experimental investigation. It is thus expected that neural and computational modeling of the sensorimotor system should create new opportunities for experimentalists and modelers to collaborate in a joint endeavor to advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms for postural and movement control. The editors would like to thank Professor Arthur Prochazka, who helped initially to set up this research topic, and all authors who contributed their articles to this research topic. Our appreciation also goes to the reviewers, who volunteered their time and effort to help achieve the goal of this research topic. We would also like to thank the staff members of editorial office of Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience for their expertise in the process of manuscript handling, publishing, and in bringing this ebook to the readers. The support from the Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Misha Tsodyks and Dr. Si Wu is crucial for this research topic to come to a successful conclusion. We are indebted to Dr. Si Li and Ms. Ting Xu, whose assistant is important for this ebook to become a reality. Finally, this work is supported in part by grants to Dr. Ning Lan from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2011CB013304), the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81271684, No. 61361160415, No. 81630050), and the Interdisciplinary Research Grant cross Engineering and Medicine by Shanghai Jiao Tong University (YG20148D09). Dr. Vincent Cheung is supported by startup funds from the Faculty of Medicine of The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Guest Associate Editors Ning Lan, Vincent Cheung, and Simon Gandevia
Postures --- neural circuits --- Sensorimotor control --- movements --- computational modeling
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Quelles sont les approches scientifiques et méthodologiques sur lesquelles se base la didactique des langues dans un pays comme la Suisse, où chaque canton décide de manière plus ou moins autonome des langues « étrangères » qui y sont enseignées et dans quel ordre ? Quels sont les concepts fondamentaux, les notions et les épistémologies retenus et légitimés par les curricula de formation ? Telles sont les questions qu’aborde l’ouvrage. Welche wissenschaftsmethodischen und inhaltlichen Positionen sind im Bereich Fremdsprachendidaktik in einem Land wie der Schweiz aktuell, wo jeder Kanton mehr oder weniger autonom darüber entscheidet, welche Fremdsprachen in welcher Reihenfolge unterrichtet werden? Welche Epistemologie bzw. welche theoretischen Konzepte und Begriffe finden Eingang in Curricula der Lehrer*innenbildung? Diesen Fragen geht der vorliegende Sammelband nach.
Language teaching theory & methods --- Teacher training --- Bildungspolitik --- didactique --- enseignant --- enseignement --- Epistemologie --- épistémologie --- face --- formation --- Fremdsprachendidaktik --- initiale --- innenbildung --- langues --- Lehrer --- Mehrsprachigkeit --- orientiert --- plurilinguisme --- politiques éducatives --- politiques linguistiques --- Positionen --- postures --- pratiques --- Praxis? --- Robin --- Schweizer --- scientifiques --- Sprachpolitik --- Suisse --- terrain? --- Unterricht --- welchen --- wissenschaftlichen
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Gait in humans --- Posture --- Human mechanics --- Gait --- Locomotion --- Walking --- Démarche --- Mécanique humaine --- Gait in humans. --- Human mechanics. --- Posture. --- Gait. --- Périodiques. --- Locomotion. --- Walking. --- Ambulation --- Body mechanics, Human --- Human biomechanics --- Human movements --- Movements, Human --- Human gaits --- Seated Position --- Sitting Position --- Standing Position --- Position, Seated --- Position, Sitting --- Position, Standing --- Positions, Seated --- Positions, Sitting --- Positions, Standing --- Postures --- Seated Positions --- Sitting Positions --- Standing Positions --- Locomotor Activity --- Activities, Locomotor --- Activity, Locomotor --- Locomotor Activities --- Body position --- Erect position of human beings --- Position, Body --- Gaits --- Animal mechanics --- Human physiology --- Physical anthropology --- Kinesiology --- Human locomotion --- Running --- Human beings --- Stature --- Hypotension, Orthostatic --- Kinesics --- Patient Positioning --- Attitude and movement --- Démarche. --- Periodicals.
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Complementary Therapies --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena --- Physical Therapy Modalities --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Therapeutics --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Phenomena and Processes --- Posture --- Massage --- Musculoskeletal Manipulations --- Bodywork --- Craniosacral Massage --- Manipulative Therapies --- Manual Therapies --- Rolfing --- Therapy, Manipulation --- Manipulation Therapy --- Manipulations, Musculoskeletal --- Reflexology --- Bodyworks --- Manipulation Therapies --- Manipulative Therapy --- Manual Therapy --- Massage, Craniosacral --- Therapies, Manipulation --- Therapies, Manipulative --- Therapies, Manual --- Therapy, Manipulative --- Therapy, Manual --- Massage Therapy --- Therapy, Zone --- Zone Therapy --- Massage Therapies --- Therapies, Massage --- Therapies, Zone --- Therapy, Massage --- Zone Therapies --- Postures --- Hypotension, Orthostatic --- Kinesics --- Patient Positioning --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Concepts --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomenon --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiology --- Group Physiotherapy --- Neurological Physiotherapy --- Neurophysiotherapy --- Physical Therapy Techniques --- Physiotherapy (Techniques) --- Group Physiotherapies --- Modalities, Physical Therapy --- Modality, Physical Therapy --- Physical Therapy Modality --- Physical Therapy Technique --- Physiotherapies (Techniques) --- Physiotherapies, Group --- Physiotherapy, Group --- Physiotherapy, Neurological --- Techniques, Physical Therapy --- Postoperative Care --- Physical Therapist Assistants --- Musculoskeletal Physiologic Process --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Concepts --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomenon --- Physiology, Musculoskeletal --- Musculoskeletal Physiologic Processes --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Process --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Processes --- Musculoskeletal Physiology --- Concept, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Concepts, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Concept --- Phenomena, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Phenomenon, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Physiologic Process, Musculoskeletal --- Physiologic Processes, Musculoskeletal --- Process, Musculoskeletal Physiologic --- Process, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Processes, Musculoskeletal Physiologic --- Processes, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Musculoskeletal System --- Alternative Therapies --- Therapy, Alternative --- Therapy, Complementary --- Alternative Medicine --- Complementary Medicine --- Medicine, Alternative --- Medicine, Complementary --- Therapies, Alternative --- Therapies, Complementary --- therapy --- physiology --- Physical Therapy --- Physical Therapies --- Therapy, Physical
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Musculoskeletal Diseases --- Congenital Abnormalities --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Diseases --- Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities --- Phenomena and Processes --- Musculoskeletal Abnormalities --- Posture --- Surgery & Anesthesiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Surgery - General and By Type --- Postures --- Hypotension, Orthostatic --- Kinesics --- Patient Positioning --- Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal --- Abnormality, Musculoskeletal --- Musculoskeletal Abnormality --- Musculoskeletal System --- Disorders, Congenital --- Congenital Disorders --- Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities --- Congenital Disorder --- Disorder, Congenital --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Concepts --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomenon --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiology --- Musculoskeletal Physiologic Process --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Concepts --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomenon --- Physiology, Musculoskeletal --- Musculoskeletal Physiologic Processes --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Process --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Processes --- Musculoskeletal Physiology --- Concept, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Concepts, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Concept --- Phenomena, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Phenomenon, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Physiologic Process, Musculoskeletal --- Physiologic Processes, Musculoskeletal --- Process, Musculoskeletal Physiologic --- Process, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Processes, Musculoskeletal Physiologic --- Processes, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Abnormalities, Congenital --- Defects, Congenital --- Birth Defects --- Congenital Defects --- Deformities --- Fetal Anomalies --- Fetal Malformations --- Abnormality, Congenital --- Anomaly, Fetal --- Birth Defect --- Congenital Abnormality --- Congenital Defect --- Defect, Birth --- Defect, Congenital --- Deformity --- Fetal Anomaly --- Fetal Malformation --- Malformation, Fetal --- Fetal Diseases --- Infant, Newborn, Diseases --- Teratogenesis --- Orthopedic Disorders --- Musculoskeletal Disease --- Orthopedic Disorder --- abnormalities --- physiology
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Human beings --- Posture disorders --- Sports medicine. --- Homme --- Troubles de la posture --- Médecine du sport --- Physical Therapy Modalities --- Pain --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena --- Complementary Therapies --- Bone Diseases --- Neurologic Manifestations --- Therapeutics --- Musculoskeletal Diseases --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Signs and Symptoms --- Phenomena and Processes --- Nervous System Diseases --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Diseases --- Back Pain --- Musculoskeletal Manipulations --- Posture --- Bone Malalignment --- Surgery & Anesthesiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Surgery - General and By Type --- Bone Malposition --- Bone Misalignment --- Bone Malalignments --- Bone Malpositions --- Bone Misalignments --- Malalignment, Bone --- Malposition, Bone --- Misalignment, Bone --- Postures --- Hypotension, Orthostatic --- Kinesics --- Patient Positioning --- Bodywork --- Craniosacral Massage --- Manipulative Therapies --- Manual Therapies --- Rolfing --- Therapy, Manipulation --- Manipulation Therapy --- Manipulations, Musculoskeletal --- Reflexology --- Bodyworks --- Manipulation Therapies --- Manipulative Therapy --- Manual Therapy --- Massage, Craniosacral --- Therapies, Manipulation --- Therapies, Manipulative --- Therapies, Manual --- Therapy, Manipulative --- Therapy, Manual --- Back Ache --- Back Pain with Radiation --- Back Pain without Radiation --- Vertebrogenic Pain Syndrome --- Backache --- Ache, Back --- Aches, Back --- Back Aches --- Back Pains --- Backaches --- Pain Syndrome, Vertebrogenic --- Pain Syndromes, Vertebrogenic --- Pain, Back --- Pains, Back --- Syndrome, Vertebrogenic Pain --- Syndromes, Vertebrogenic Pain --- Vertebrogenic Pain Syndromes --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Nervous System Disorders --- Neurological Disorders --- Neurologic Disorders --- Disease, Nervous System --- Diseases, Nervous System --- Disorder, Nervous System --- Disorder, Neurologic --- Disorder, Neurological --- Disorders, Nervous System --- Disorders, Neurologic --- Disorders, Neurological --- Nervous System Disease --- Nervous System Disorder --- Neurologic Disorder --- Neurological Disorder --- Neurology --- Symptoms and Signs --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Concepts --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomenon --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiology --- Orthopedic Disorders --- Musculoskeletal Disease --- Orthopedic Disorder --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Focal Neurologic Deficits --- Manifestations, Neurologic --- Manifestations, Neurological --- Neurologic Dysfunction --- Neurologic Findings --- Neurologic Manifestation --- Neurologic Signs --- Neurologic Symptoms --- Neurological Manifestations --- Neurologic Deficits --- Neurologic Signs and Symptoms --- Deficit, Focal Neurologic --- Deficit, Neurologic --- Deficits, Focal Neurologic --- Deficits, Neurologic --- Dysfunction, Neurologic --- Dysfunctions, Neurologic --- Finding, Neurologic --- Findings, Neurologic --- Focal Neurologic Deficit --- Manifestation, Neurologic --- Manifestation, Neurological --- Neurologic Deficit --- Neurologic Deficit, Focal --- Neurologic Deficits, Focal --- Neurologic Dysfunctions --- Neurologic Finding --- Neurologic Sign --- Neurologic Symptom --- Neurological Manifestation --- Sign, Neurologic --- Signs, Neurologic --- Symptom, Neurologic --- Symptoms, Neurologic --- Nervous System --- Bone Disease --- Disease, Bone --- Diseases, Bone --- Alternative Therapies --- Therapy, Alternative --- Therapy, Complementary --- Alternative Medicine --- Complementary Medicine --- Medicine, Alternative --- Medicine, Complementary --- Therapies, Alternative --- Therapies, Complementary --- Musculoskeletal Physiologic Process --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Concepts --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomenon --- Physiology, Musculoskeletal --- Musculoskeletal Physiologic Processes --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Process --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Processes --- Musculoskeletal Physiology --- Concept, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Concepts, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Concept --- Phenomena, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Phenomenon, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Physiologic Process, Musculoskeletal --- Physiologic Processes, Musculoskeletal --- Process, Musculoskeletal Physiologic --- Process, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Processes, Musculoskeletal Physiologic --- Processes, Musculoskeletal Physiological --- Musculoskeletal System --- Ache --- Pain, Burning --- Pain, Crushing --- Pain, Migratory --- Pain, Radiating --- Pain, Splitting --- Suffering, Physical --- Aches --- Burning Pain --- Burning Pains --- Crushing Pain --- Crushing Pains --- Migratory Pain --- Migratory Pains --- Pains, Burning --- Pains, Crushing --- Pains, Migratory --- Pains, Radiating --- Pains, Splitting --- Physical Suffering --- Physical Sufferings --- Radiating Pain --- Radiating Pains --- Splitting Pain --- Splitting Pains --- Sufferings, Physical --- Analgesia --- Pain Insensitivity, Congenital --- Analgesics --- Hyperalgesia --- Palliative Care --- Group Physiotherapy --- Neurological Physiotherapy --- Neurophysiotherapy --- Physical Therapy Techniques --- Physiotherapy (Techniques) --- Group Physiotherapies --- Modalities, Physical Therapy --- Modality, Physical Therapy --- Physical Therapy Modality --- Physical Therapy Technique --- Physiotherapies (Techniques) --- Physiotherapies, Group --- Physiotherapy, Group --- Physiotherapy, Neurological --- Techniques, Physical Therapy --- Postoperative Care --- Physical Therapist Assistants --- therapy --- physiology --- Physical Therapy --- Physical Therapies --- Therapy, Physical
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