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Energy crises and global warming pose serious challenges to researchers in their attempt to develop a sustainable society for the future. Solar energy conversion is a remarkable, clean, and sustainable way to nullify the effects of fossil fuels. The findings of photocatalytic hydrogen production (PCHP) by Fujishima and Honda propose that “water will be the coal for the future”. Hydrogen is a carbon-free clean fuel with a high specific energy of combustion. Titanium oxide (TiO2), graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) are three pillars of water splitting photocatalysts owing to their superior electronic and optical properties. Tremendous research efforts have been made in recent years to fabricate visible or solar-light, active photocatalysts. The significant features of various oxide, sulfide, and carbon based photocatalysts for cost-effective hydrogen production are presented in this Special Issue. The insights of sacrificial agents on the hydrogen production efficiency of catalysts are also presented in this issue.

photocatalysis --- H2 generation --- water splitting --- solar energy --- hydrogen production --- methanol photo-splitting --- heterojunction --- CuS@CuGaS2 --- electron-hole recombination --- perovskite oxynitride --- band gap --- density-functional theory --- Niobium(V) oxide --- graphitic carbon nitride --- hydrothermal synthesis --- H2 evolution --- heterostructures --- Z-Scheme --- TiO2 --- g-C3N4 --- CdS --- energy --- spherical particle --- disordered surface --- photocatalysts --- MoS2 --- MoSe2 --- photoelectrochemical deposition --- rapid-thermal annealing --- hydrogen evolution --- CO2 reduction --- n/a

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Visualizing chemical components in a specimen is an essential technology in many branches of science and practical applications. This book deals with electrochemical imaging techniques based on semiconductor devices with capability of spatially resolved sensing. Two types of such sensing devices have been extensively studied and applied in various fields, i.e., arrayed sensors and light-addressed sensors. An ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) array and a charge-coupled device (CCD) ion image sensor are examples of arrayed sensors. They take advantage of semiconductor microfabrication technology to integrate a large number of sensing elements on a single chip, each representing a pixel to form a chemical image. A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), on the other hand, has no pixel structure. A chemical image is obtained by raster-scanning the sensor plate with a light beam, which can flexibly define the position and size of a pixel. This light-addressing approach is further applied in other LAPS-inspired methods. Scanning photo-induced impedance microscopy (SPIM) realized impedance mapping and light-addressable electrodes/light-activated electrochemistry (LAE) realized local activation of Faradaic processes. This book includes eight articles on state-of-the-art technologies of light-addressing/chemical imaging devices and their application to biology and materials science.

CCD ion sensor --- multi-ion image --- CMOS technology --- ink-jet printing --- bioactive cations --- LAPS --- chemical imaging --- spatial and temporal resolution --- semiconductor --- microfluidics --- photoelectrochemistry --- InGaN/GaN epilayer --- cell imaging --- light-activated electrochemistry --- light-addressable potentiometric sensor --- chemical imaging sensor --- field-effect sensor --- light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) --- Lactobacillus brevis --- Escherichia coli --- Corynebacterium glutamicum --- cellular metabolism --- differential cell-based measurement --- multi-analyte analysis --- extracellular acidification --- DNA biosensor --- ZnO nanorod arrays --- label-free detection --- E. coli --- light-addressable electrode --- light-addressable cell stimulation and photoelectrochemistry --- photoelectrochemical deposition --- crevice corrosion --- potential distribution --- crevice gap

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This book, entitled “Mesoporous Metal Oxide Films”, contains an editorial and a collection of ten research articles covering fundamental studies and applications of different metal oxide films. Mesoporous materials have been widely investigated and applied in many technological applications owing to their outstanding structural and physical properties. In this book, important developments in this fast-moving field are presented from various research groups around the world. Different preparation methods and applications of these novel and interesting materials have been reported, and it was demonstrated that mesoporosity has a direct impact on the properties and potential applications of such materials. The potential use of mesoporous metal oxide films and coatings with different morphology and structures is demonstrated in many technological applications, particularly chemical and electrochemical sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells, photoelectrodes, bioceramics, photonic switches, and anticorrosion agents.

SnO2 --- Metglas --- hemin --- H2O2 --- cyclic voltammetry --- magnetoelastic resonance --- sensor --- titanium dioxide --- mesoporous --- thin film --- multi-layered --- photoanode --- semiconductor --- photoelectrochemical water oxidation --- Mn2O3 --- mesoporous materials --- electrochemical characterizations --- electrode --- supercapacitors --- gadolinium oxide --- hydrazine --- p-nitrophenol --- electrochemical sensing --- amperometric --- selective sensor --- nanocrystal --- ZnO --- density of states --- optical and electrical properties --- TiO2 films --- Ag nanoparticles --- optical properties --- spectroelectrochemistry --- surface plasmon --- Fe-doped TiO2 --- hydrothermal --- GCE --- chemical sensor --- amperometry --- dye-sensitized solar cells --- working electrode --- TiO2 --- NiO nanoparticles --- electron transport --- corrosion --- guar gum --- coatings --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) --- SECM --- AFM --- calcium phosphate silicate --- PEG --- bioceramics --- sol-gel preparation --- hard tissue engineering --- metal oxide --- sol-gel --- supercapacitor --- photoelectrode --- dye sensitized solar cell --- NiO

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This reprint focuses on new trends in photo-electrocatalysis, specifically addressed to the remediation of wastewater and energy production. The remediation of wastewater, up to a level that is acceptable for discharge into receiving waterbodies, involves an ever-growing demand of energy, so effective and low-energy treatment processes are highly desirable. Among the other treatments, photo- and photo-electrochemical treatment processes may be considered as advanced oxidation processes (AOP), which are based on the generation of OH radicals, strong oxidizing agents able to indiscriminately degrade even the most persistent organic compounds. Photocatalysis and photo-electrocatalysis can be considered as effective methods for organic degradation, especially when the semiconductor is active in the range of visible light. Several results are presented on new morphologies and structures, which allow more photoactive, visibly responsive, and stable materials, as well as studies on combined processes in which photo- or photo-electrochemistry contribute to an increase in the sustainability of the whole process, lowering costs and achieving the most valuable final products. In view of the circular economy concept, microbial fuel cell systems are also considered as possible way to recover energy from organic pollutants contained in wastewater.

composite --- polymethylmethacrylate --- photocatalytic oxidation --- titanium dioxide --- tetracycline --- ethanol --- photocatalysis --- silver(II) oxide --- mechanical mixture --- in situ deposition --- hydrogen evolution --- Anodic oxidation --- diamond electrodes --- UV irradiation --- ultrasounds --- amoxicillin --- ampicillin --- Composite catalysts --- synergy effect --- solar energy --- wastewater remediation --- photoelectrocatalysis --- TiO2 nanostructures --- Au nanoparticles --- water splitting --- bisphenol A oxidation --- ZnFe2O4 --- degree of inversion --- cation distribution --- photoelectrochemical activity --- porous nickel --- selective corrosion --- hydrogen evolution reaction --- metal sulfides --- H2 production --- photocatalyst --- facet effect --- light trapping --- crystal size --- non-precious metal catalysts --- Cu–B alloy --- microbial fuel cell --- cathode --- environmental engineering --- oxygen electrode --- renewable energy sources --- graphitic carbon nitride --- H2 generation --- Ni–Co catalyst --- electricity production --- advanced oxidation processes --- azo dye --- sustainable resources --- niobium --- water reuse --- water treatment --- AOPs --- zinc oxide --- nanoclusters --- UVA --- visible light --- photocatalytic reduction --- CO2 --- TiO2 photocatalysts --- surface modification --- solar fuel --- magnetron sputtering --- titanium dioxide (TiO2) film --- photocatalytic activity --- metal and non-metal doping --- optical properties --- n/a --- Cu-B alloy --- Ni-Co catalyst