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Drought forecasting. --- Droughts --- Forecasting, Drought --- Weather forecasting --- Forecasting

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Water stress in plants is caused by the water deficit, as induced possibly by drought or high soil salinity. The prime consequence of water stress in plants is the disruption in the agricultural production, resulting in food shortage. The plants, however, try to adapt to the stress conditions using biochemical and physiological interventions. The edited compilation is an attempt to provide new insights into the mechanism and adaptation aspects of water stress in plants through a thoughtful mixture of viewpoints. We hope that the content of the book will be useful for the researchers working with the plant diversity-related environmental aspects and also provide suggestions for the strategists.

Crops --- Drought tolerance. --- Drought tolerance of crops --- Effect of drought on --- Hydrology & the hydrosphere

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Drought stress is one of the main factors limiting horticultural crops, especially in environments like the Mediterranean basin, which is often characterized by sub-optimal water availability. The global change will determine the increase in semi-arid conditions, so all horticultural crops will have to cope with the water scarcity. Appropriate plant selection and new cultivation methods, especially methods of deficit irrigation, are crucial in improving the crop cultivation performances.Horticultural plants can have specific adaptive mechanisms to overcome the negative effects of drought stress. Drought-tolerant plants show different adjustment mechanisms to overcome this stress, including morphological, physiological, and biochemical modifications. The plant responses include increasing the root/shoot ratio, growth reduction, leaf anatomy change, reduction of leaf size, and reduction of total leaf area to limit the water loss and guarantee the photosynthesis process. Furthermore, drought stress influences gas exchange and other physiological parameters. Recent acquisitions on the mechanism of signal transduction and the development of drought tolerance in plants are useful to understand the action mechanisms. Dr. Stefania Toscano Dr. Giulia Franzoni Dr. Sara Álvarez Guest Editors.

Drought-tolerant plants. --- Plants --- Drought tolerance. --- Drought resistance of plants --- Drought tolerance of plants --- Drought-tolerant plants --- Drought-enduring plants --- Drought-hardy plants --- Drought-resistant plants --- Low water use plants --- Water-conserving plants --- Xeriscaping --- Xerophytes --- Drought resistance --- Hardiness --- Effect of drought on --- Drought tolerance

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Cape Town's drought crisis grabbed global headlines in 2018 and its causes and solutions were – and continue to be — hotly debated. But managing water shortages and other climate change impacts have been integrated into the city's urban policy-making for some time, in response to rapid urbanisation and uncertainty about the exact nature, timing and magnitude of city-scale climatic changes. This book presents initiatives at the local government level, across a range of departments, from environmental resource management to housing, stormwater management, water management, energy management and spatial planning. In addition, it records the progress made and challenges faced in mainstreaming climate change into urban policies, processes, programmes and practices, a problem facing most urban areas around the world.The text was co-produced by academics and municipal officials, including economists, engineers, ecologists, geographers and planners, who worked collaboratively in a process of mutual learning. This hybrid process, where practitioner experience is coupled with an academic and research perspective, has produced an ‘insider' view of urban development and climate change governance through the lens of theory. The result provides new practice-based knowledge for policy-making in the transition towards more sustainable cities in the face of climate change, particularly those in the global South.

Climatic changes --- Drought management. --- Economic aspects.

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This Special Issue is a platform to fill the gaps in drought risk analysis with field experience and expertise. It covers (1) robust index development for effective drought monitoring; (2) risk analysis framework development and early warning systems; (3) impact investigations on hydrological and agricultural sectors; (4) environmental change impact analyses. The articles in the Special Issue cover a wide geographic range, across China, Taiwan, Korea, and the Indo-China peninsula, which covers many contrasting climate conditions. Hence, the results have global implications: the data, analysis/modeling, methodologies, and conclusions lay a solid foundation for enhancing our scientific knowledge of drought mechanisms and relationships to various environmental conditions.

extreme spring drought --- atmospheric teleconnection patterns --- drought prediction --- China --- SPI --- reference precipitation --- reference period --- climate change --- drought --- GAMLSS --- nonstationarity --- meteorological drought --- standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index --- climate variability --- seasonal drought --- drought return period --- extreme drought --- Indochina Peninsula --- Indian Ocean Dipole --- intentionally biased bootstrap method --- drought risk --- human activities --- quantitative attribution --- artificial neural network --- stochastic model --- ARIMA model --- drought forecasting --- southern Taiwan --- bivariate frequency analysis --- hydrologic risk --- global warming --- maize yield --- Songliao Plain maize belt --- comprehensive drought monitoring --- Hubei Province --- multivariate --- multisource data --- assessment --- forecasting