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Hardwood-dominated temperate forests (mostly in Eastern North America, Europe, North East Asia) provide valuable renewable timber and numerous ecosystem services. Many of these forests have been subjected to harvesting or conversion to agriculture, sometimes over centuries, that have greatly reduced their former extent and diversity. Natural regeneration following harvesting or during post-agricultural succession has often failed to restore these forests adequately. Past harvesting practices and the valuable timber of some species have led to a reduction in their abundance. The loss of apex predators has caused herbivore populations to increase and exert intense browsing pressure on hardwood regeneration, often preventing it. Particularly important are fruit, nut and acorn bearing species, because of their vital role in forest food webs and biodiversity. Restoring hardwood species to natural forests in which they were formerly more abundant will require a number of forest management actions (e.g., resistant hybrids, deer exclosures/protectors, enrichment planting, underplanting, etc.). Similarly, reforesting areas that were once natural forests will also require new silvicultural knowledge. Global warming trends will intensify the need for interventions to maintain the diversity and function of temperate hardwood forests, as well as for increase hardwood reforestation.
Fagaceae species --- soil disturbance --- non-timber forest products --- precision restoration --- protected landscape area --- tree selection --- cultural diversity --- Quercus rubra --- hardwood restoration --- enrichment planting --- sub-tropical hardwoods --- agroforestry --- herbicide effects --- biological diversity --- competition --- Juglans nigra L. --- understorey --- invasive plants --- wildfire --- forest restoration --- Quercus macrocarpa --- riparian forest restoration --- vegetation management --- assisted migration --- sugar maple --- deer browsing --- species composition --- tolerance --- phosphorus --- growth efficiency index --- floristic quality index --- shelterwood --- Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch --- monitoring --- indicators --- seed predation --- Bioclimatic niche --- non-parametric correlation --- unmanaged forest --- Native Americans --- abandoned agricultural field --- native mixed forests --- tree vigor --- forest diversity --- predation --- weed control --- nitrate --- facilitation --- inventory --- hardwoods --- Mexican tree species --- yellow birch --- tree plantation --- seedling establishment --- deer abundance --- avian guilds --- Pinus strobus L. --- Central Hardwood Forest region --- Pinus strobus --- Durango --- MaxEnt --- Juglans nigra --- oak regeneration --- forest regeneration --- Quercus rubra L. --- deer herbivory --- ecosystem services --- tree shelter
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Integrating biomass production of short rotation woody crops (SRWCs), with their use in environmental applications to produce income, sequester carbon, and clean the environment, provides an opportunity to enhance livelihoods and increase ecosystem services in rural and urban communities. This book consists of 20 papers from the special issue on the Growth and Development of SRWCs for Rural and Urban Applications highlighting four genera (Phalaris L., Populus L., Robinia L., Salix L.) from 13 countries. In addition to the development and management of a Salix cultivar database, rural and urban applications represented in the book included: a) forest buffers, b) forest health screening, c) phytoremediation, d) short rotation coppice, e) volume production, and f) wastewater reuse.
cutback --- mulch --- Salix --- short-rotation coppice --- weed control --- woody biomass --- intensive silviculture --- Populus maximowiczii × P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa --- fast-growing tree species --- severe soil disturbance --- foliar nutrition --- soil inorganic N --- deer browsing --- short rotation coppice --- yield loss --- bioenergy plantation --- Populus --- renewable energy --- Populus × euramericana --- Lonsdalea populi --- canker diseases --- poplar diseases --- bacterial canker of poplars --- die-back of poplars --- MLSA --- short rotation coppice (SRC) --- biomass --- white poplar --- black locust --- monocultures --- mixture --- leaf litter --- SRC (Short Rotation Coppice) --- short rotation woody crops --- sustainability --- Mediterranean conditions --- management --- review --- fuelwood --- seasoning --- log diameter --- splitting --- heating value --- moisture content --- agroforestry --- red maple --- white ash --- trembling aspen --- fast growing trees --- poplar hybrids --- poplar clones --- tree height --- DBH --- stem volume --- yield --- Kyrgyzstan --- Kazakhstan --- Tajikistan --- ecosystem services --- multi-environmental trials (MET) --- phenotypic plasticity --- phyto buffers --- phyto-recurrent selection --- phytotechnologies --- poplars --- effluent water treatment --- short rotation coppice willow --- irrigation --- growth response --- biomass crops --- mineral content --- tree growth --- tree biomass --- volume forest stand --- thickness classes --- clonal selection --- genotype × environment (G × E) interactions --- evapotranspirative willow system --- resource recovery --- sustainable wastewater treatment --- oil sands reclamation --- end-pit lake --- balsam poplar --- salt tolerance --- Populus sp. --- bioenergy --- SRC --- financial analysis --- break-even-point --- net present value --- proof-of-concept: use case --- spreadsheet --- CSV file --- SQL --- database --- data integrity --- GitHub --- Linux --- poplar --- salt stress --- gene expression analyses --- radical scavenger capacity --- osmolytes --- cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela scripta) --- stand density --- fertilizer application --- soil quality --- Melampsora rust --- energy crops --- land use --- reed canary grass (RCG) --- Phalaris arundinacea L. --- n/a
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