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The adrenal gland plays essential roles in the control of body homeostasis, stress and immune responses. The adrenal cortex represents up to 90% of the gland and is specialised in the production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens. This production is tightly coordinated and results from a unique zonal organisation. Although our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling adrenal steroidogenesis is quite extensive, for decades, the mechanisms of adrenal cortex development, cellular homeostasis and renewal have remained elusive. The advent of new high-throughput technologies and sophisticated genetic approaches has brought tremendous progress in our understanding of how the adrenal cortex achieves and maintains its particular organisation. The aim of this Frontiers in Endocrinology Topic is to provide readers with a snapshot of our current knowledge on adrenal physiology and how deregulations of these processes result in adrenal diseases. This includes but is not limited to, basic research on adrenal development, cell lineage identification, progenitor cells, tissue renewal, control of differentiation and zonation and clinical research on the identification of disease-related genes.

Adrenal cortex --- Adrenal cortex. --- Diseases. --- development --- adrenal --- Disease --- Hyperplasia --- Insufficiency --- zonation --- Physiology --- Adenoma --- Cancer

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Corticosteroids are mainly used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Corticosteroids will only be prescribed if the potential benefits of treatment outweigh the risks. They will also be prescribed at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time. This book will strive to highlight the importance of corticosteroids, to focus on minimizing side effects, to monitor and sensitize the population on the potential adverse effects of misuse, to provide additional knowledge about the design and development of new drug delivery systems loaded with corticosteroids potentially useful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory-based diseases, and to reduce inflammation and affect the immune system. The major objective of this book will be to present the information in a lucid, condensed, and cohesive form and to specially cater to the needs of readers in medicine and pharmacy.

Adrenocortical hormones. --- Adrenal cortex hormones --- Adrenal steroids --- Adrenocorticoids --- Corticoids --- Corticosteroids --- Adrenal cortex --- Steroid hormones --- Medicine --- Endocrinology --- Health Sciences

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"Adrenal disorders are often difficult to diagnose due to common symptoms, and challenging to treat due to common comorbidities. Adrenal Disorders: 100 Cases from the Adrenal Clinic provides a comprehensive, case-based approach to the evaluation and treatment of both common and uncommon adrenal disorders, offering practical, real-world guidance highlighted by detailed laboratory evaluations, computed cross sectional images, nuclear medicine images, and gross pathology photographs. Features 100 two-page cases covering a wide range of common and uncommon adrenal disorders. Includes case report, investigations, treatment, and outcome for each case, plus a case overview with expert advice, take-home points, and references. Organizes comprehensive content by type of disorder, including adrenal masses (benign and malignant), primary aldosteronism, ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome, ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome, adrenal carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, adrenal and ovarian hyperandrogenism, and adrenal disorders in pregnancy. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices"--

Adrenal glands --- Adrenal Gland Diseases --- Diseases --- diagnosis --- drug therapy --- surgery --- Adrenals --- Suprarenal bodies --- Suprarenal capsules --- Endocrine glands --- Kidneys --- Adrenal glands. --- Diseases.

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Experiences during early life program the central nervous- and endocrine-systems with consequences for susceptibility to physical and mental disorders. These programming effects depend on genetic and epigenetic factors, and their outcome leads to an adaptive or maladaptive phenotype to a given later environmental context. This Research Topic focused on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and stress-related phenotypes, and on how HPA-axis programming by the environment precisely occurs. We included original research, mini-review and review papers on a broad range of topics related to HPA-axis programming.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. --- HPA axis --- Vulnerability --- resilience --- early life stress --- materna

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Imaging of the adrenal gland has made tremendous progress in the last decade as new technologies continue to evolve. Adrenal Imaging highlights the pertinent clinical and pathological information that underpins the accurate interpretation and use of adrenal imaging. Written by a prestigious group of international contributors, individual chapters in Adrenal Imaging serve as a relevant and up-to-date reference of adrenal imaging findings, algorithms and techniques in CT, MR nuclear medicine, intervention, and trauma. Summary sections at the end of each chapter illuminate key teaching points to enhance retention.

Adrenal Gland Diseases -- radiography. --- Adrenal glands -- Imaging. --- Adrenal Glands -- radiography. --- Diagnostic Imaging -- methods. --- Endocrine Glands --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Endocrine System Diseases --- Diseases --- Diagnosis --- Endocrine System --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Anatomy --- Diagnostic Imaging --- Adrenal Glands --- Adrenal Gland Diseases --- Adrenal glands --- Radiology, Medical. --- Imaging. --- Clinical radiology --- Radiology, Medical --- Radiology (Medicine) --- Adrenals --- Suprarenal bodies --- Suprarenal capsules --- Medicine. --- Radiology. --- Nuclear medicine. --- Internal medicine. --- Endocrinology. --- Oncology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Diagnostic Radiology. --- Nuclear Medicine. --- Internal Medicine. --- Medical physics --- Endocrine glands --- Kidneys --- Oncology  . --- Medicine, Internal --- Medicine --- Atomic medicine --- Radioisotopes in medicine --- Medical radiology --- Radioactive tracers --- Radioactivity --- Internal medicine --- Hormones --- Tumors --- Physiological effect --- Endocrinology . --- Radiological physics --- Physics --- Radiation