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This Methodological Guide is the result of the participatory processes carried out from the university extension with the communities of the Canton of Naranjo. It seeks to guide in a pedagogical way, the various processes that the communities must develop within the groups, which lead the community processes in the field of rural roads.

Transport infrastructure --- Rural communities --- Community participation --- Resource management --- Guides --- Legislation --- Roads --- Local government

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The investigation of rail vehicle running dynamics plays an important role in the more than 200 year development of railway vehicles and infrastructure. Currently, there are a number of new requirements for rail transport associated with the reduced environmental impact, energy consumption and wear, whilst increasing train speed and passenger comfort. Therefore, the running dynamics of rail vehicles is still a research topic that requires improved simulation tools and experimental procedures. The book focuses on the current research topics in railway vehicles running dynamics. Special attention is given to high-speed railway transport, acoustic and vibrational impact of railway transport to the surroundings, optimization of energy supply systems for railway transport, traction drives optimization and wear of wheels and rails.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- wear --- turnout --- rail --- stiffness --- high-speed --- dynamic characteristics --- traction drive system --- direct torque control --- electromechanical coupling modeling --- variable conditions --- rail vehicle --- rail infrastructure --- threshold effect --- dynamics --- numerical simulations --- testing --- optimal controller --- traction drive --- vector control system --- railway noise --- high-speed railways --- environmental impact --- energy saving --- control by forecast --- power limit of consumption --- railway transport infrastructure object --- simulation in the daily cycle --- n/a

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This Special Issue presents an in-depth analysis of transport research commissioned by the UK Department for International Development under the High Volume Transport Programme (2017-2023). The analysis done in the period 2018-2019 contributes to the UK response to improving transport in the low-income countries in Africa and South Asia. As a result, key priorities have been identified for applied research in 2020 to make road, rail and urban transport more efficient and affordable, and all transport greener, safer and more inclusive for all users. This applied research is a vital link in making transport a sustainable lifeline for people in low-income countries, because transport gives farmers and manufacturers access to domestic and international markets and people in rural and urban areas access to schools and health services.

capability plan --- low-income countries --- railways --- railway technical strategy --- South Asia --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- sustainability --- low-carbon transport --- sustainable mobility --- climate change strategies --- transport policy --- Paris Agreement --- gender --- transport --- accessibility --- smart city --- smart mobility --- low- and middle-income countries --- transport corridor --- transport infrastructure --- transport development impacts --- wider economic benefits --- corridor management --- transport costs --- passenger and freight --- road and railway --- Low Income Countries --- road --- materials --- recycling --- non-conventional --- risk --- design --- partnering --- ageing --- disability --- mobility --- older people --- poverty --- urban --- children --- Africa --- Asia --- youth voice --- school --- work --- road safety --- under-reporting --- best practices --- vulnerable groups --- injury severity --- road crash costing --- crash data --- capacity building --- people with disabilities --- inclusive transport --- high volume transport --- accessible transport --- accessible road and rail infrastructure --- efficient transport services --- transport corridors --- green transport --- low carbon transport --- disability and mobility --- gender disparity

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How can a city advance from social invention to social innovation, to attain sustainable urban development (SUD)? Many new ideas, initiatives, and showcases for social innovation have been introduced; however, project-based forms of experimentation are often just part of the ongoing urban politics (or governmentality), and consequently somewhat ephemeral, with traditional siloed city administrations remaining a central obstacle to SUD. Our Special Issue presents twelve papers that address the question of social innovation in sustainable urban development from very different angles. The contributions span issues concerning smart cities, innovation in the adaptive reuse of urban heritage, as well as policy options for regions in transition. In terms of social innovation for SUD purposes, the presented solutions range from transferable legal formalizations to the creation of urban ecosystems whose institutional structures ensure the inclusion of the civil society. Instead of a comprehensive, integrative SUD, robust sectoral solutions, or even phased solutions, are more likely to be sought.

informal land-use practice --- institutional innovation --- urban informality --- state governance --- the PRD --- sustainability --- railway transport --- sustainable development --- urban rail --- Addis Ababa light rail transit --- transport infrastructure --- sustainable urban transport --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- social innovation --- sustainable urban development --- economic ecosystems --- transitions to sustainability --- informality --- green technology --- fourth industrial revolution --- innovation --- infrastructure --- financializaton --- precautionary principle --- socio-technical transition --- governance challenge --- public bicycles --- smartphone-based sharing-bicycles --- digital rights --- smart cities --- people-centered smart cities --- technological innovation --- policy experimentation --- action research --- online research --- COVID-19 --- smart city --- smart service --- citizen satisfaction --- sustainable smart city --- structural equation model --- urban planning --- urban rehabilitation --- new working spaces --- municipal urban planning --- Lisboa/Lisbon --- rural–urban ecosystems --- social innovation diffusion --- education --- NEET --- social inclusion --- Youth Guarantee Programme --- best practices --- cultural heritage --- adaptive reuse --- commons --- urban planning and policy --- conservation --- resilience strategies --- civic initiatives --- COVID-19 pandemic --- coastal zones --- beach access --- distributive justice --- legal aspects --- Barcelona ICZM protocol --- international comparative analysis --- n/a --- rural-urban ecosystems

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The evolution of industrial development since the 18th century is now experiencing the fourth industrial revolution. The effect of the development has propagated into almost every sector of the industry. From inventory to the circular economy, the effectiveness of technology has been fruitful for industry. The recent trends in research, with new ideas and methodologies, are included in this book. Several new ideas and business strategies are developed in the area of the supply chain management, logistics, optimization, and forecasting for the improvement of the economy of the society and the environment. The proposed technologies and ideas are either novel or help modify several other new ideas. Different real life problems with different dimensions are discussed in the book so that readers may connect with the recent issues in society and industry. The collection of the articles provides a glimpse into the new research trends in technology, business, and the environment.

Supply chain management --- benchmarking --- simulation --- mathematical analytic tools and techniques --- system reliability --- Trade-credit financing --- order allocation --- decomposition principle --- efficiency and scatter plots --- sustainable healthcare system --- workplace stress --- optimization --- defective rate --- electric power distribution --- newsvendor --- inspection --- energy --- air quality --- triangular fuzzy number --- quality control --- supplier selection --- multi-stage production system --- robustness --- offline inspection --- workers’ efficiency --- transshipments --- imperfect products --- process imperfection --- Bayesian approach --- imperfect production --- inventory modelling and optimization --- information asymmetry --- supply chain management --- framework for agile distributed development --- human-based production system --- lead-time reduction --- staff absenteeism --- inventory control --- fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) --- sustainable --- develop strategies --- fuzzy optimization --- preventive maintenance --- imperfect quality --- refrigerated trucks --- petrochemical industries --- economic order quantity (EOQ) --- defectives --- substitute and complimentary items --- production modelling --- stochastic-petri net modeling --- supply chain inventory --- defective products --- transport infrastructure --- data envelopment analysis --- advertisement --- e-commerce --- price discounts --- recurrent states --- variable demand --- machine breakdown --- industry 4.0 --- rough interval --- partial trade credit --- business performance --- mixed integer nonlinear programming --- fixed charge --- preservation technology investment --- repairable system --- multicriteria decision making (MCDM) --- managerial considerations and managerial decisions --- four-dimensional transportation problem --- time series analysis --- permissible delays in payments --- integer linear programming --- process mean --- backordering --- stochastic-price dependent demand --- controllable probabilistic deterioration rate --- budget constraint --- likelihood ratio test --- radio frequency identification --- rework --- supplier selection process --- deteriorating items --- smart production --- scheduling --- green data envelopment analysis (GDEA) --- Cash discounts --- learning behavior --- imperfect manufacturing system --- inspection cost --- airborne particulate matter --- reworking --- fuzzy demand --- optimal algorithms --- distributed development --- sustainability --- distribution-free approach --- decision support systems --- evolutionary algorithm --- backorder --- inspection errors --- waste reduction --- resilient supply chain --- space constraint --- hybrid manufacturing- remanufacturing strategy --- edible oil --- complementary products --- CLSC management --- carbon emission --- change point detection --- revenue sharing --- production --- random defective rate --- pricing policy --- agile development --- inventory --- mathematical solution procedure --- reliability threshold --- outgoing quality --- disruption risks --- multi-objective --- strict quasi-concavity --- optimized limits --- uncertain information --- full trade credit --- customer acquisition cost --- Lean manufacturing --- imperfect repair --- substitutable products --- dynamic job-shop scheduling --- patient’s queue --- application program interfaces in agile distributed projects --- internet of things --- deterioration --- O2O channel --- targeting model --- lean manufacturing --- multidimensional scaling --- technical and super-efficiencies --- pricing