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"Toxoplasma gondii is a globally spread protozoan parasite responsible for causing toxoplasmosis. Infection by T. gondii shows high seroprevalence in humans, especially in South America. Written by specialists, this book brings important contributions and information on parasite biology, including its life cycle, ultrastructural features of tachyzoite, bradyzoite and their main specific organelles, mechanisms of host cell invasion, parasite replication and epigenetics regulation. Moreover, the book will encompass mechanisms of pathogenesis and host immune response to the infection, including purinergic signaling, and mechanisms of immune evasion by the parasite. Finally, this book also addresses relevant aspects of disease, information about the current chemotherapy of toxoplasmosis and perspectives for a future chronic disease treatment, epidemiology, and methods for visualization of the parasite by optical and electron microscopy"--

Toxoplasma gondii.

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L’histoire de ce minuscule parasite, le toxoplasme, nous concerne tous, ou presque. Il contamine les animaux à sang chaud, dont l’Homme. Parasité par le toxoplasme, un rat recherche la compagnie d’un chat, au lieu de le fuir. Et nous, les humains ? Sans manifester des signes visibles de maladie, nous sommes, en France, une moitié de la population à l’abriter dans nos cerveaux. Comment y atterrit-il ? Qu’y fait-il ? Le toxoplasme peut-il influencer nos actions ? Notre personnalité même ? Les recherches épidémiologiques, cliniques, psychologiques nous donnent des indices : l’infection par le toxoplasme est corrélée, par exemple, avec certaines pathologies cérébrales et avec certains comportements à risque. Mais comment le sait-on ? L’auteur s’attache à concilier l’intelligibilité du langage et la rigueur de l’exposé ; la fenêtre qu’elle entrouvre sur la « science en devenir » contribue à bâtir une attitude « raisonnablement critique et raisonnablement confiante » à l’égard des découvertes scientifiques. En présentant les faits et méfaits du toxoplasme, l’ouvrage introduit au monde du parasitisme, ce mode particulier, mais non unique, de cohabitation entre les organismes.

SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Biology. --- Toxoplasmosis in animals. --- Toxoplasma.

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This open access book analyzes the evidence linking Toxoplasma gondii to the increasing incidence of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the United States. Initially establishing that infectious agents are regularly transmitted from animals to humans, lead to human disease, and that infectious agents can cause psychosis, it then examines the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in detail. Infecting 40 million Americans, Toxoplasma gondii is known to cause congenital infections, eye disease, and encephalitis for individuals who are immunosuppressed. It has also been shown to change the behavior of nonhuman mammals, as well as to alter some personality traits in humans. After discussing the clinical evidence linking Toxoplasma gondii to human psychosis, the book elucidates the epidemiological evidence further supporting this linkage; including the proportional increase in incidence of human psychosis as cats transitioned to domestication over 800 years. Finally, the book assesses the magnitude of the problem and suggests solutions. Parasites, Pussycats and Psychosis: The Unknown Dangers of Human Toxoplasmosis provides a comprehensive review of the evidence linking human psychosis in the United States to infections of Toxoplasma gondii. It will be of interest to infectious disease specialists, general practitioners, scientists, historians, and cat-lovers.

Medicine: general issues --- Psychiatry --- Open Access --- zoonosis --- Toxoplasma gondii --- domestication --- madness

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Toxoplasma --- Toxoplasmosis --- Malaria --- Trypanosoma --- Giardia --- artemisin --- protozoa --- protozoan --- Vaccines --- chimioinformatics --- reverse vaccines --- Immunomodulation

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Major depression and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are now recognized among the most frequent psychiatric disorders, affecting 16–17% and 2–3% of the general population, respectively. They are commonly characterized by: i) a high level of psychiatric and somatic comorbidities; ii) a recurrence or chronic profile; and iii) a negative impact on daily functions, thereby leading to a profound impairment of quality of life. Despite significant advances in pharmacological and psychological therapies over the last decades, unsuccessful responses to standard treatment strategies are classically observed in approximately 20–30% of cases. Therefore, there is a significant need for improving the pathophysiological knowledge through a better identification of environmental, clinical, psychological, genetic, anatomical, and biological determinants, specifically implied in the development, the phenotypic expression, and the relapsing course and/or contributing to the therapeutic failure in major depression and OCD. We are convinced that this research approach is particularly relevant providing critical support for the promotion of innovative treatment alternatives potentially useful for the management of resistant forms of major depression and OCD.

n/a --- i-health --- olfaction --- psychiatry --- obsession --- obsessive–compulsive disorder --- transcranial direct current stimulation --- ecological momentary assessment --- Streptococcus pyogenes --- cytokines --- immunology --- compulsion --- cognition --- nosography --- pediatric autoimmune neuropsychological disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) --- symptoms networks --- brain stimulation --- neuromodulation --- OCD --- m-health --- categorizations --- ecological momentary intervention --- fictional case study --- pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) --- Toxoplasma gondii --- tDCS --- therapeutic tool --- depression --- markers --- quality of life --- Tourette syndrome --- Obsessive-compulsive disorder. --- Depression, Mental. --- Dejection --- Depression, Unipolar --- Depressive disorder --- Depressive psychoses --- Melancholia --- Mental depression --- Unipolar depression --- Affective disorders --- Neurasthenia --- Neuroses --- Manic-depressive illness --- Melancholy --- Sadness --- Compulsive disorder --- Fixed ideas --- Obsession (Psychology) --- Obsessive-compulsive neuroses --- Obsessive-compulsive neurosis --- OCD (Disease) --- Compulsive behavior --- Bipolar disorder --- obsessive-compulsive disorder