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Chemotaxis. --- Chemiotaxis --- Chemotropism --- Biochemistry --- Growth --- Taxes (Biology)

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This volume analyses the process and structure of ecotaxes in India to bring forth its rationale, application and incidence on emerging environmental problems on the backdrop of the environmental issues confronted by the Indian economy. Being at infant stage in India, the concept of ecotaxes is plagued with large empirical difficulties. This book provides a holistic understanding of the complexities in the design and implementation of these fiscal instruments at the country level. After elaborating on the theory, history of its applications, the book provides an innovative methodological exercise. It examines the adequacy and relevance of ecotaxation in the Indian context, along with ensuring that the distortions due to the proposed levy are minimised. The incidence of these taxes on the households, the double dividend hypothesis and the effect on competitiveness of the producer are a few of the core themes elaborated upon in this book. This is demonstrated through a linear general equilibrium framework of Environmentally extended Social Accounting Matrix (E-SAM). The book provides material for the researchers and graduate students on the methodological structure of eco-taxes. The proposed methodological intervention could be utilised by the researchers who wish to analyse the macroeconomic impact of any tax through the framework of Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). Additionally, the process as well as the implications and nuances provided in the book will assist the policy makers to design innovative policies for dealing with environmental issues. The volume also has something for the practitioners by helping them comprehend various effects of these instruments on different stake holders of the economy and thus will be useful as a policy prescription. The three policy scenarios analysed in this study could be considered by the policymakers while attempting to design these instruments in the Indian context and thus ending the extensive reliance on the age old and grossly ineffective Command and Control (CAC) Policies

Environmental impact charge. --- Environmental impact charges --- Eco-taxes --- Ecological taxes --- Ecotaxes --- Effluent charges --- Environmental exploitation charges --- Environmental impact fees --- Environmental taxes --- Green taxes --- Pollution charges --- User charges

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Taxation has been seen as the domain of charisma-free accountants, lawyers and number crunchers-an unlikely place to encounter big societal questions about democracy, equity or good governance. Yet it is exactly these issues that pervade conversations about taxation among policymakers, tax collectors, civil society activists, journalists and foreign aid donors in Africa today. Tax has become viewed as central to African development. Written by leading international experts, Taxing Africa offers a cutting-edge analysis on all aspects of the continent's tax regime, displaying the crucial role such arrangements have on attempts to create social justice and push economic advancement. From tax evasion by multinational corporations and African elites to how ordinary people navigate complex webs of `informal' local taxation, the book examines the potential for reform, and how space might be created for enabling locally-led strategies.

Taxes --- Africa --- Taxation --- Afrique --- Africa. --- Economic policy. --- Politique économique.

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BTW. --- Taxes --- Tax law --- BTW (Belasting over de Toegevoegde Waarde)

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Tax collection --- Collection of taxes --- Tax delinquency --- Taxes, Collection of --- Tax administration and procedure --- Taxpayer compliance --- Data processing. --- United States. --- I.R.S. --- IRS --- Automation.