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Suggestions are acts in which the speaker asks the hearer to perform an action that will potentially benefit the hearer (Rintell, 1979). Despite this fact, they have been regarded as face-threatening acts, since the speaker is in some way intruding into the hearer's world by performing an act that concerns what the latter should do (Brown & Levinson, 1987). For this reason, formulating pragmatically appropriate suggestions that do not result in impolite or rude behaviour may be especially difficult for second language learners whose contact with the target language is very limited. With that aim in mind, and based on previous studies on this speech act, this chapter proposes a pedagogical approach that ranges from awareness-raising to production activities.

Pragmatics --- Speech acts (Linguistics) --- Journalism & Communications --- Communication & Mass Media --- Conversatieanalyse --- Taalhandelingen --- Tweedetaalverwerving --- Speech acts (Linguistics). --- Conversatieanalyse. --- Taalhandelingen. --- Tweedetaalverwerving. --- Speech. --- Talking --- Illocutionary acts (Linguistics) --- Speech act theory (Linguistics) --- Speech events (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Oral communication --- Phonetics --- Voice --- Linguistics --- Speech --- Philosophy

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This book deals with speech acts, especially performatives, that are regarded as 'operative' in legal discourse. After a detailed exposition of speech act theory in relation to legislative texts, the author discusses the legal document as a communicative act; potential speech acts and delegated legislation; wills, the marriage ceremony and statutes as reversible performatives; and the distinction between the deictic function of this and the anaphoric function of that in legal documents. The final chapter is concerned with another text type, case reports, and addresses the questio

Stilistics --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- 802.0-56 --- 802.0-56 Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- Recht. Taal. --- Actes de paroles. --- Droit. Langage. --- Taalhandelingen. --- Law --- Semantics (Law) --- Speech acts (Linguistics) --- Illocutionary acts (Linguistics) --- Speech act theory (Linguistics) --- Speech events (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Speech --- Language, Legal --- Legal language --- Legal style --- Style, Legal --- Bill drafting --- Language. --- Philosophy --- Droit --- Semantique --- Langage

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Integrating various aspects of human communication traditionally treated in a number of separate disciplines, Olga T. Yokoyama develops a universal model of the smallest unit of informational discourse, and uncovers the regularities that govern the intentional verbal transfer of knowledge from one interlocutor to another. The author then places these processes within a new framework of Communicational Competence, which legitimizes certain nebulous but important linguistic phenomena hitherto caught in a noman's land between the formal and functional approaches to language. Russian word order, a

Linguistics --- Russian literature --- Literary rhetorics --- Pragmatics --- 801.56 --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Discourse analysis. --- Speech acts (Linguistics) --- Pragmatics. --- Communicative competence. --- Russian language --- Word order. --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Speech acts (Linguistics). --- Taalhandelingen. --- Communicatie. Psychologie. --- Russisch. Woordschikking. --- Pragmatiek. --- Discours [Philosophie du langage]. --- Actes de parole. --- Communication. Psychologie. --- Russe [Langue]. Ordre des mots. --- Pragmatique. --- Betoog [Taalfilosofie]. --- Slavic languages, Eastern --- Competence, Communicative --- Communication --- Competence and performance (Linguistics) --- Psycholinguistics --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Illocutionary acts (Linguistics) --- Speech act theory (Linguistics) --- Speech events (Linguistics) --- Speech --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- Philosophy

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This book, which can be seen as both a research monograph and a text book, challenges the approaches to human interaction based on supposedly universal "maxims of conversation" and "principles of politeness", which fly in the face of reality as experienced by millions of people - refugees, immigrants, crosscultural families, and so on. By contrast to such approaches, which can be of no use in crosscultural communication and education, this book is both theoretical and practical: it shows that in different societies, norms of human interaction are different and reflect different cultural attitudes and values; and it offers a framework within which different cultural norms and different ways of speaking can be effectively explored, explained, and taught. The book discusses data from a wide range of languages, including English, Italian, Russian, Polish, Yiddish, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, and Walmatjari (an Australian Aboriginal language), and it shows that the meanings expressed in human interaction and the different "cultural scripts" prevailing in different speech communities can be described and compared in a way that is clear, simple, rigorous, and free of ethnocentric bias by using a "natural semantic metalanguage", based on empirically established universal human concepts. As the book shows, this metalanguage can be used as a basis for teaching successful cross-cultural communication and education, including the teaching of languages in a cultural context.

Conversatieanalyse. --- Gespreksanalyse. --- Interculturele communicatie. --- Interculturele pragmatiek. --- Pragmatiek. --- Semantiek. --- Taalhandelingen. --- 801.56 --- Intercultural communication --- Pragmatics --- Semantics --- Speech acts (Linguistics) --- Illocutionary acts (Linguistics) --- Speech act theory (Linguistics) --- Speech events (Linguistics) --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Pragmalinguistics --- Cross-cultural communication --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Pragmatics. --- Semantics. --- Intercultural communication. --- Speech acts (Linguistics). --- Interkulturelle Kommunikation --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Speech --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- General semantics --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Communication --- Culture --- Cross-cultural orientation --- Cultural competence --- Multilingual communication --- Technical assistance --- Philosophy --- Anthropological aspects --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Sociolinguistics --- Philosophy of language --- Social psychology --- Communication interculturelle --- Pragmatique --- Sémantique --- Actes de parole --- Études transculturelles