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Suicide is a complex phenomenon that is now considered understood as a neurodevelopmental condition encompassing childhood experiences as well as proximal conditions such as mental disorders and adverse life events. Individuals in crisis may face overwhelming psychological pain, which in some cases may overcome the threshold of each unique individual for whom suicide is considered the best option to deal with such pain. However, many socio-demographic, personal, or temperamental variables have been investigated for their causal association with suicide risk, but to date no single factor has clearly demonstrated an association with suicide. The mental disorders most frequently associated with suicide risk include bipolar disorders and major unipolar depression, substance use disorders and schizophrenia. However, anxiety, personality, eating, and trauma-related disorders, as well as organic mental disorders, also contribute to suicidal risk. Moreover, in modern society, the presence of social uncertainty, the changes in family models, the development of social media, and the loss of face-to-face interaction can have an impact on suicide risk, particularly in the younger generation.

demoralization --- schizophrenia --- suicide risk --- suicide suicidality personality disorder --- borderline personality disorder --- self-harm --- psychodynamic psychotherapy --- integrative --- suicide --- therapeutic alliance --- countertransference --- hope --- antipsychotics --- depression --- bipolar --- affective temperament --- violent suicide --- aggressive behaviors --- bipolar disorder --- mood disorders --- suicidal --- mortality --- anhedonia --- PTSD --- suicidal behavior --- suicidal ideation --- suicide attempt --- meaning in life --- suicide protective factors --- rational suicide --- old age --- late life --- aging --- ageism --- CMV --- cytomegalovirus --- biomarker --- antibodies --- review

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This book is open access under a CC BY license and charts the rise and fall of various self-harming behaviours in twentieth-century Britain. It puts self-cutting and overdosing into historical perspective, linking them to the huge changes that occur in mental and physical healthcare, social work and wider politics.

Self-mutilation --- Self-injurious behavior --- History, Modern 1601 --- -Self-Injurious Behavior --- Wounds and Injuries --- History --- Diseases --- Behavioral Symptoms --- Behavior --- Humanities --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Self Mutilation --- History, 20th Century --- Psychiatry --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Psychiatric Disorders, Individual --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- Mutilation, Self --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- Behavioral Symptom --- Symptom, Behavioral --- Symptoms, Behavioral --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- Deliberate Self-Harm --- Parasuicide --- Self-Destructive Behavior --- Behavior, Self-Destructive --- Behavior, Self-Injurious --- Behaviors, Self-Destructive --- Behaviors, Self-Injurious --- Deliberate Self Harm --- Parasuicides --- Self Destructive Behavior --- Self Injurious Behavior --- Self-Destructive Behaviors --- Self-Harm, Deliberate --- Self-Injurious Behaviors --- Injuries and Wounds --- Injuries, Wounds --- Research-Related Injuries --- Wounds --- Wounds and Injury --- Wounds, Injury --- Injuries --- Trauma --- Injuries, Research-Related --- Injury --- Injury and Wounds --- Injury, Research-Related --- Research Related Injuries --- Research-Related Injury --- Traumas --- Wound --- History of Medicine, Modern --- Medicine, Modern --- Modern History (Medicine) --- Modern Medicine --- History, Modern --- Modern History --- 1601- History, Modern --- History, Modern (Medicine) --- Modern 1601- History --- SIB (Behavior disorder) --- Automutilation --- Self-harm (Self-mutilation) --- Self-injurious behavior (Self-mutilation) --- Self-injury (Self-mutilation) --- Medicine. --- History, Modern. --- Great Britain --- Social history. --- History. --- Psychiatry. --- Medicine --- Medicine & Public Health. --- History of Medicine. --- History of Britain and Ireland. --- History of Science. --- Social History. --- Modern History. --- Medicine and psychology --- Mental health --- Psychology, Pathological --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Descriptive sociology --- Social conditions --- Social history --- Sociology --- Modern history --- World history, Modern --- World history --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- England --- Great Britain-History. --- Health Workforce --- Medicine—History. --- Great Britain—History. --- political context --- britain --- overdosing --- self-harming behaviour --- self harm --- historical context --- self-cutting --- medicine --- history --- social history --- psychiatry --- Hospital --- Mental disorder --- Poison --- Ponyo language --- Social environment --- Suicide --- Suicide attempt