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Sixty-five million years ago, a comet or asteroid larger than Mount Everest slammed into the Earth, inducing an explosion equivalent to the detonation of a hundred million hydrogen bombs. Vaporized detritus blasted through the atmosphere upon impact, falling back to Earth around the globe. Disastrous environmental consequences ensued: a giant tsunami, continent-scale wildfires, darkness, and cold, followed by sweltering greenhouse heat. When conditions returned to normal, half the plant and animal genera on Earth had perished.This horrific chain of events is now widely accepted as the solution to a great scientific mystery: what caused the extinction of the dinosaurs? Walter Alvarez, one of the Berkeley scientists who discovered evidence of the impact, tells the story behind the development of the initially controversial theory. It is a saga of high adventure in remote locations, of arduous data collection and intellectual struggle, of long periods of frustration ended by sudden breakthroughs, of friendships made and lost, and of the exhilaration of discovery that forever altered our understanding of Earth's geological history.
Catastrophes (Geology) --- Extinction (Biology) --- Cryptoexplosion structures --- Craters, Crypto-explosion --- Crypto-explosion craters --- Cryptoexplosive structures --- Cryptovolcanic structures --- Structures, Cryptoexplosion --- Geology, Structural --- Animals --- Extirpation (Biology) --- Biology --- Extinct animals --- Historical geology --- Extinction --- Extirpation --- Chicxulub Crater.
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This volume is the latest of eight books as a result of the activities of the scientific program on ”The Response of the Earth System to Impact Processes” (IMPACT) of the European Science Foundation (ESF). The ESF is the European association of national funding organisations of fundamental research, with more than 60 member organisations from more than 20 countries. One of the main goals of ESF is to bring European scientists together to work on topics of common interest. The ESF IMPACT program deals with all aspect of impact research, mainly through the organisation of workshops, exchange program, short course, and related activities. An important aspect of the program is to stimulate interdisciplinary and international research. Impacts of asteroids or comets on the earth surface have played an important role in the evolution of the planet. The ESF IMPACT program is an interdisciplinary program aimed at understanding impact processes and their effect on the earth system, including environmental, biological, and geological changes, and consequences for the biodiversity of ecosystems. The key goal of the program, to comprehend the processes that are responsible for these interactions, has been met with by eight workshops and published proceedings from these. The workshop from which this volume resulted, was devoted to impact tectonic studies. It was located in the small town of Mora in the western part of the ring basin of the very large Siljan impact structure in Sweden.
Cryptoexplosion structures --- Geology, Structural --- Craters, Crypto-explosion --- Crypto-explosion craters --- Cryptoexplosive structures --- Cryptovolcanic structures --- Structures, Cryptoexplosion --- Geology. --- Physical geography. --- Geomorphology. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Geography --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Geophysics. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Atmospheric sciences --- Atmosphere --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics --- Geomorphic geology --- Physiography --- Physical geography --- Landforms
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Impact cratering is an important geological process on all solid planetary bodies, and, in the case of Earth, may have had major climatic and biological effects. Most terrestrial impact craters have been erased or modified beyond recognition. However, major impacts throw ejecta over large areas of the Earth's surface. Recognition of these impact ejecta layers can help fill in the gaps in the terrestrial cratering record and at the same time provide direct correlation between major impacts and other geological events, such as climatic changes and mass extinctions. This book provides the first summary of known distal impact ejecta layers.
Cryptoexplosion structures. --- Cratering. --- Sediments (Geology) --- Geology, Stratigraphic. --- Age of rocks --- Rocks --- Stratigraphic geology --- Craters, Crypto-explosion --- Crypto-explosion craters --- Cryptoexplosive structures --- Cryptovolcanic structures --- Structures, Cryptoexplosion --- Age --- Cryptoexplosion structures --- Cratering --- Earth sciences. --- Geology. --- Sedimentology. --- Geophysics. --- Planetology. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Physical geology --- Geology --- Physical geography --- Sedimentary rocks --- Sedimentation and deposition --- Marine sediments --- Slackwater deposits --- Geomorphology --- Geology, Structural --- Physical geography. --- Petrology --- Planetary sciences --- Planetology --- Geography --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics
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