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One of the major questions in the evolution of animals is the transition from unicellular to multicellular organization, which resulted in the emergence of Metazoa through a hypothetical Urmetazoa. The Comparative Embryology of Sponges contains abundant original and literary data on comparative embryology and morphology of the Porifera (Sponges), a group of 'lower Metazoa'. On the basis of this material, original typization of the development of Sponges is given and the problems concerning origin and evolution of Porifera and their ontogenesis are discussed. A morphogenetic interpretation of the body plan development during embryogenesis, metamorphosis and asexual reproduction in Sponges is proposed. Special attention is given to the analysis of characteristic features of the ontogenesis in Porifera. The book pursues three primary goals: 1) generalization of all existing information on individual development of sponges, its classification and a statement according to taxonomical structure of Porifera; 2) revealing of heterogeneity of morphogenesis and peculiarities of ontogeneses in various clades of Porifera, and also their correlations with the organization, both adult sponges, and their larvae; 3) revealing homology of morphogeneses in both Porifera and Eumetazoa, testifying to the general evolutionary roots of multicellular animals, and peculiar features of sponges' morphogeneses and ontogenesis. This book will be of interest to embryologists, zoologists, morphologists and researchers in evolutionary biology.

Sponges -- Embryology. --- Sponges -- Morphology. --- Sponges. --- Sponges --- Ecology --- Invertebrates & Protozoa --- Zoology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Embryology --- Morphology --- Embryology. --- Porifera --- Environment. --- Developmental biology. --- Zoology. --- Animal anatomy. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Animal Anatomy / Morphology / Histology. --- Developmental Biology. --- Invertebrates --- Marine Sciences. --- Morphology (Animals). --- Biology --- Natural history --- Animals --- Animal morphology --- Body form in animals --- Animal embryology --- Development, Embryological --- Development, Embryonic --- Development, Zygotic --- Embryogenesis --- Embryogeny --- Embryological development --- Embryonic development --- Zygote development --- Zygotes --- Zygotic development --- Zygotic embryogenesis --- Developmental biology --- Morphology (Animals) --- Embryos --- Reproduction --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Development (Biology) --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Development --- Animal anatomy --- Physiology --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water --- Anatomy

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Lake Baikal is the oldest, deepest and most voluminous lake on Earth, comprising one fifth of the World’s unfrozen fresh water. It hosts the highest number of endemic animals recorded in any freshwater lake. Until recently it remained enigmatic why such a high diversity evolved in the isolated Lake Baikal. Focusing on the sponges (phylum Porifera) as an example, some answers are provided to fundamental questions on evolutionary forces. The characteristic feature of these animals is that they form their polymeric silicic acid skeleton enzymatically. This process is explored using modern molecular biological and cellular biological techniques to outline strategies to fabricate novel materials applicable in biomedicine and nanooptics.

Evolution -- Russia. --- Fresh Water -- Russia. --- Freshwater biodiversity -- Russia (Federation) -- Baikal, Lake. --- Morphogenesis -- Russia. --- Nanosilicon. --- Nanotechnology -- Russia. --- Porifera -- chemistry -- Russia. --- Silicon Dioxide -- analysis -- Russia. --- Sponges -- Anatomy. --- Sponges -- Evolution -- Russia (Federation) -- Baikal, Lake. --- Sponges -- Growth -- Molecular aspects. --- Freshwater biodiversity --- Sponges --- Nanosilicon --- Russia --- Silicon Dioxide --- Chemistry --- Morphogenesis --- Biological Evolution --- Nanotechnology --- Fresh Water --- Porifera --- Invertebrates --- Genetic Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Growth and Development --- Minerals --- Environment --- Europe, Eastern --- Silicon Compounds --- Biological Processes --- Oxides --- Miniaturization --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Oxygen Compounds --- Biological Phenomena --- Physiological Processes --- Genetic Phenomena --- Inorganic Chemicals --- Technology --- Animals --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena --- Europe --- Environment and Public Health --- Eukaryota --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Health Care --- Phenomena and Processes --- Physiological Phenomena --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Geographic Locations --- Geographicals --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Organisms --- Ecology --- Invertebrates & Protozoa --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Evolution --- Anatomy --- Growth --- Molecular aspects --- Anatomy. --- Molecular aspects. --- Nanoscale silicon --- Nanostructured silicon --- Silicon nanostructured materials --- Diversity, Freshwater biological --- Freshwater biological diversity --- Life sciences. --- Biotechnology. --- Aquatic ecology. --- Microbial ecology. --- Environmental engineering. --- Biomaterials. --- Nanotechnology. --- Life Sciences. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Nanostructured materials --- Silicon --- Aquatic biodiversity --- Aquatic biology. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Biomedical engineering --- Materials --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Microbiology --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic sciences --- Biology --- Aquatic ecology . --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering --- Aquatic biology --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials)

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This book summarizes the latest advances in sponge science through a concise selection of studies presented at the VIII World Sponge Conference. The collection of articles reflects hot, ongoing debates in molecular research, such as the monophyletic versus paraphyletic nature of the sponge group, or the new awareness on pros and cons of standard barcodes and other markers in sponge taxonomy and phylogeny. It also features articles showing how the new sequencing technologies reveal the functional and phylogenetic complexity of the "microbial universe" associated to sponge tissues. The ecological interactions of sponges, the effects of nutrients and pollutants, the variability in reproductive patterns, and the processes generating genotypic and phenotypic variability in sponge populations are covered in several contributions. Zoogeography, population structure and dynamics are also approached with both traditional and molecular tools. The effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the natural environment finds its place in this volume with papers dealing with metal accumulation and the potential role of sponges as biomonitors. Biodiversity data from unexplored tropical and deep sea areas are presented. We hope readers will enjoy the selection of papers, which we believe represent collectively a significant contribution to our current understanding of sponges.  Previously published in Hydrobiologia, vol. 687, 2012.

Animal ecology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Invertebrates. --- Marine Sciences. --- Microbial genetics. --- Sponges --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Invertebrates & Protozoa --- Porifera --- Environment. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Microbial genomics. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Animal Ecology. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Invertebrates --- Invertebrata --- Animals --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Microorganisms --- Genetics --- Microbiology --- Animal evolution --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Ecology --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water

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Marine Drugs is glad to announce its first Special Issue book on “ion channels” related research: Under the great stewardship of the Guest Editor, Dr. Jean-Marc Sabatier, four advanced research articles and three comprehensive review papers were collected in the Special Issue “Ion Channels as Marine Drug Targets”. Join us to explore the advanced research outcomes in this field: α-Conotoxin RgIA and a potent analog, RgIA4, in treatment of pain; botulinum toxin-chitosan nanoparticles in treatment of atrial fibrillation; 27-amino acid (aa)-long δ-conotoxin TxVIA that modulates mammalian CaV3.x; first venomics study of Conus tulipa venom; review on marine toxins targeting Kv1 channels; review on synthetic approaches to zetekitoxin AB; and review on marine natural products and drug resistance in latent tuberculosis. The second edition of this Special Issue is open for submissions, we look forward to your contribution.

conotoxin --- Conus tulipa --- intraspecific variation --- venomics --- transcriptomics --- proteomics --- conantokins --- net hunting strategy --- nirvana cabal --- ion channel modulators --- marine anti-TB compounds --- PZA --- MTB --- latent TB --- sponges --- nicotinic --- chemotherapy --- paclitaxel --- taxane --- neuropathic pain --- α9α10 --- saxitoxin --- zetekitoxin AB --- voltage-gated sodium channel --- guanidine alkaloid --- bioactives --- conotoxins 2 --- Kv1 --- marine toxins --- modulators --- potassium channels --- sea anemone toxins --- TxVIA --- mammalian NaV channel --- selective inhibitor --- T-type CaV3.2 --- botulinum toxin A1 --- chitosan nanoparticles --- antiarrhythmics --- pharmacological models of arrhythmia --- electrically induced arrhythmia

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This book describes the recent advances in natural product chemistry and biodiversity in the Red Sea. All previous marine natural products isolated from different Red Sea organisms and microbes were collected in a comprehensive review. Additionally, newly discovered marine natural products and their biological activities are described.

Aspergillus falconensis --- OSMAC --- azaphilones --- X-ray diffraction --- NF-κB inhibition --- LC-HRESIMS --- Stylissa carteri --- ceramide --- cerebroside --- docking --- cytotoxic activity --- co-cultivation --- phenazine --- sponge-associated actinomycetes --- antibacterial --- antibiofilm --- DNA gyrase --- pyruvate kinase --- ergosterol derivative --- metabolic analysis --- docking studies --- seagrass --- Thalassodendron ciliatum --- Red Sea sponges --- marine actinomycetes --- Streptomyces coelicolor LY001 --- halogenated 3-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives --- diketopiperazine alkaloids --- structural determinations --- antimicrobial activities --- Red Sea --- marine natural products --- marine organisms --- biodiversity --- marine metagenomics --- bioactivity --- Sinularia polydactyla --- soft coral --- steroids --- cytotoxic --- anti-inflammatory --- neuroprotective --- androgen receptor --- Actinokineospora --- Rhodococcus --- co-culture --- metabolomics --- antimalarial --- epicotripeptin --- phragamide --- Epicoccum --- Alternaria --- antimicrobial --- n/a