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Shielding (Electricity) --- Spinel group. --- Spinelite --- Spinell --- Spinellids --- Spinels --- Oxide minerals --- Electromagnetic screens --- Electromagnetic shields --- Electric apparatus and appliances --- Electronics --- Radar --- Radio --- Television --- Protection --- Interference

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This book highlights the complexity of spinel nanoferrites, their synthesis, physio-chemical properties and prospective applications in the area of advanced electronics, microwave devices, biotechnology as well as biomedical sciences. It presents an overview of spinel nanoferrites: synthesis, properties and applications for a wide audience: from beginners and graduate-level students up to advanced specialists in both academic and industrial sectors. There are 15 chapters organized into four main sections. The first section of the book introduces the readers to spinel ferrites and their applications in advanced electronics industry including microwave devices, whereas the second section mainly focus on the synthesis strategy and their physio-chemical properties. The last sections of the book highlight the importance of this class of nanomaterials in the field of biotechnology and biomedical sector with a special chapter on water purification.

Ferrites (Magnetic materials) --- Spinel group. --- Nanostructured materials. --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Spinelite --- Spinell --- Spinellids --- Spinels --- Oxide minerals --- Ferrates --- Gyrators --- Iron compounds --- Magnetic materials --- Metals. --- Magnetism. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Metals and Alloys. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Mathematical physics --- Physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy

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Ruby, red corundum, is a gem mineral with mineral properties, gem characteristics and chemistry that are reliant on critical trace element substitutions in its aluminum oxide crystal structure. Ruby has attracted scientific and economic interest. It has already been studied extensively regarding its widespread global distribution and the diversity of its geological associations, as revealed by exploration and exploitation. Researchers are becoming increasingly aware that geographic typing of ruby characteristics and its host assemblages may guide further exploration and provide checks on reputed sources of both rough and cut stones. Genetic pointers, based on fluid and solid mineral inclusions, oxygen and other isotope values and pressure and temperature estimates, have already yielded much genetic information. Rare ruby in mantle xenoliths, TP ~1100o C, 2GPa, epitaxial diamond in ruby and ruby in diamond have special interest. Amid the present extensive documentation on this singular gem mineral, new insights and co-existing associations remain to be discovered. Although ruby largely appears in metamorphic and metasomatic source rocks, newer studies suggest it may also arise from magmatic sources. Age-dating of a range of mineral inclusions in ruby now allows more precise modelling of ruby genesis. Tectonic aspects of ruby genesis related to early collisional plate events on Earth are also a frontier for further understanding. In addition, ruby growth remains an important phase in metamorphic studies of events in some young collisional zones. This Special Issue planned for Minerals aims to attract further studies on this multi-origin gem mineral. Investigations at the ‘economic border’ of ruby and sapphire nomenclature and relevant treatments affecting ruby color will be considered.

gems --- ruby --- marble --- eskolaite --- Southern Urals --- spinel --- Mogok --- geochronology --- U–Pb dating --- zircon --- zirconolite --- geographic origin determination --- sapphire --- trace elements --- radiogenic isotopes --- linear discriminant analysis --- corundum --- gemology --- geology of gem deposits --- mineralogical association --- geochemistry --- Snezhnoe deposit --- Tajikistan --- Central Pamir --- Muzkol–Rangkul anticlinorium --- in situ U–Pb LA–ICP–MS rutile dating --- oxygen isotopes --- Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd isotopes --- sulfides --- Montepuez --- ruby deposits --- classification --- typology --- magmatism --- metamorphism --- sedimentary --- metasomatism --- fluids --- stable and radiogenic isotopes --- genetic models --- exploration --- n/a --- U-Pb dating --- Muzkol-Rangkul anticlinorium --- in situ U-Pb LA-ICP-MS rutile dating --- Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopes

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The development of civilization entails a growing demand for consumer goods. A side effect of the production and use of these materials is the production of solid waste and wastewater. Municipal and industrial wastewater usually contains a large amount of various organic compounds and is the main source of pollution of the aquatic environment. Therefore, the search for effective methods of wastewater and other polluted water treatment is an important element of caring for the natural environment. This book presents research on the determination and removal of environmentally hazardous organic compounds from aqueous samples. The articles included in this book describe the results of examinations, at the laboratory scale, of the efficiency of chemical as well as physical processes for the removal or degradation of selected model pollutants. Environmental studies, especially those concerning the determination of trace impurities, require effective isolation and concentration procedures. The methods used for this purpose should meet the requirements of green chemistry. The liquid phase microextraction procedures and use of electrochemical methods described in this book seem to be proper for environmental studies, as they are effective and environmentally friendly.

photodegradation --- emerging organic contaminants --- salicylic acid --- biosorption --- doxazosin maleate --- boron-doped diamond electrode --- sulfasalazine --- continuous liquid–liquid extraction --- water environment --- electrochemical degradation --- chlorinated intermediates --- isotherm adsorption models --- water --- pollutants --- sediment --- ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction --- emerging contaminants --- electrochemical oxidation --- selective sorbent --- water remediation --- HPLC-UV --- sulfate radical --- boron doped diamond --- nickel aluminate --- advanced oxidation processes --- chemical oxygen demand --- hormones --- liquid-liquid continuous extraction --- organic pollutant --- run-off water --- DFT study --- biocides --- DLLME-SFO --- precious metals --- budesonide --- solidification of floating organic droplet --- flame retardants --- wastewater purification --- graphene quantum dots --- PBDE --- disinfection by-products --- 1-undecanol --- photocatalysis --- total petroleum hydrocarbon --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- EOCs determination --- environmental samples --- groundwater --- fractional distillation --- spinel --- hydroxyl radical --- removal of organic compounds --- Guarani aquifer --- density functional theory --- persistent organic pollutants --- hydroxyl radicals

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Various scientific events are being held around the world under the auspices of this landmark event, the Year of Mineralogy, and it is highly satisfying that this Special Issue “Mineralogical Crystallography Volume II” is published in 2022. The first volume of the “Mineralogical Crystallography” Special Issue [1] consisted of such topics as: Discovery of new mineral species; Crystal chemistry of minerals and their synthetic analogs; Behavior of minerals at non-ambient conditions; Biomineralogy; and Crystal growth techniques, and appeared to be very fruitful. The Special Issue “Mineralogical Crystallography Volume II” covers the following topics: Crystal chemistry and properties of minerals and their synthetic analogs; Gemology; Natural-based cement materials; Biomineralogy; and Crystal growth techniques. Additionally, we hope that this continuation will be just as successful, and that the new set of papers will again arouse genuine interest among readers and, perhaps, inspire them in their own successful research. We also believe that with the current collection of papers, we will be able to pay tribute to the union of Mineralogy and Crystallography.

Research & information: general --- uranyl --- carbonate --- mineral --- crystal structure --- topology --- structural complexity --- bentonite --- mordenite --- smectite --- pozzolanicity test --- cement --- concrete --- shchurovskyite --- synthesis --- X-ray diffraction --- oxocentered tetrahedra --- Barite --- hydrothermal synthesis --- typomorphic characteristics --- in-situ mixing solutions at high temperature --- high iron and quartz contents coal gangue --- acid leaching --- alkali melting --- hydrothermal reaction --- NaA zeolite --- fluorite --- pozzolan --- mortar --- mechanical strength --- reduction of CO2 emissions --- hydroxyapatite composite --- spinel --- beverage cans --- bovine bones --- lorenzenite --- perovskite --- loparite --- titanite --- apatite --- carbonates --- Khibiny --- Lovozero --- Kovdor --- Afrikanda --- alkaline intrusions --- NF Fennoscandia --- glass-ceramics --- phase separation --- nucleation --- crystallization --- microstructure --- gahnite --- gold nanoparticles --- surface plasmon resonance --- plasmonics --- ivanyukite --- lintisite --- SIV --- AM-4 --- sorption --- lead --- ion-exchange --- titanosilicate --- Arctic --- channel-water --- X-ray fluorescence --- infrared spectroscopy --- UV–vis spectroscopy --- transition metal ions --- self-healing concrete --- calcium nitrate --- mineralization reaction --- cracks --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- kaolinite --- dickite --- OH group --- forsterite --- boron --- spectroscopy --- orthoclase crystal --- ultra-microchannel --- water --- feldspar alteration --- sericitization --- gemological --- mineralogical --- greenish blue apatite --- fluorapatite --- n/a --- UV-vis spectroscopy