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Mobile mapping is applied widely in society, for example, in asset management, fleet management, construction planning, road safety, and maintenance optimization. Yet, further advances in these technologies are called for. Advances can be radical, such as changes to the prevailing paradigms in mobile mapping, or incremental, such as the state-of-the-art mobile mapping methods. With current multi-sensor systems in mobile mapping, laser-scanned data are often registered in point clouds with the aid of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning or simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques and then labeled and colored with the aid of machine learning methods and digital camera data. These multi-sensor platforms are beginning to undergo further advancements via the addition of multi-spectral and other sensors and via the development of machine learning techniques used in processing this multi-modal data. Embedded systems and minimalistic system designs are also attracting attention, from both academic and commercial perspectives.This book contains the accepted publications of the Special Issue 'Advances in Mobile Mapping Technologies' of the Remote Sensing journal. It consists of works introducing a new mobile mapping dataset (‘Paris CARLA 3D’), system calibration studies, SLAM topics, and multiple deep learning works for asset detection. We, the Guest Editors, Ville Lehtola from University of Twente, Netherlands, Andreas Nüchter from University of Würzburg, Germany, and François Goulette from Mines Paris- PSL University, France, wish to thank all the authors who contributed to this collection.

LiDAR --- RetinaNet --- inception --- Mobile Laser Scanning --- point clouds --- data fusion --- Lidar --- point cloud density --- point cloud coverage --- mobile mapping systems --- 3D simulation --- Pandar64 --- Ouster OS-1-64 --- mobile laser scanning --- lever arm --- boresight angles --- plane-based calibration field --- configuration analysis --- accuracy --- controllability --- evaluation --- control points --- TLS reference point clouds --- visual–inertial odometry --- Helmert variance component estimation --- line feature matching method --- correlation coefficient --- point and line features --- mobile mapping --- manhole cover --- point cloud --- F-CNN --- transfer learning --- CAM localization --- loop closure detection --- visual SLAM --- semantic topology graph --- graph matching --- CNN features --- deep learning --- view planning --- imaging network design --- building 3D modelling --- path planning --- V-SLAM --- real-time --- guidance --- embedded-systems --- 3D surveying --- exposure control --- photogrammetry --- parking statistics --- vehicle detection --- robot operating system --- 3D camera --- RGB-D --- performance evaluation --- convolutional neural networks --- smart city --- georeferencing --- MSS --- IEKF --- DSIEKF --- geometrical constraints --- 6-DoF --- DTM --- 3D city model --- dataset --- laser scanning --- 3D mapping --- synthetic --- outdoor --- semantic --- scene completion

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The Special Issue collects papers showing the progress made in key areas of photogrammetry and remote sensing such as modern and/or forthcoming sensors, improvements in data processing strategies and assessment of their reliability, application of innovations as proof of the contribution offered in the observation of the natural and built environment with better understanding of phenomena at required spatial scale.

VHR tri-stereo satellite imagery --- digital elevation model --- isolated objects --- dense image matching --- change detection --- natural disasters --- deep learning --- threshold selection --- optical flow estimation --- Structure from Motion (SfM) --- 3D reconstruction --- noise estimation --- point clouds --- roughness --- surface reconstruction --- mesh model --- visibility constraints --- volumetric methods --- dense point cloud --- multiple view stereo (MVS) --- dense image matching (DIM) --- photogrammetry --- computer vision --- Copernicus --- Sentinel-1 --- Sentinel-2 --- InSAR --- damage proxy map --- Beirut --- Lebanon --- explosion --- radiometric calibration --- modeling --- geometric error --- high-precision calibration --- n/a --- preprocessing --- enhancement --- point cloud --- image processing --- image histogram --- UAV --- camera calibration --- GNSS-assisted block orientation --- dome effect --- Monte Carlo simulation --- soil moisture content --- artificial neural network --- sample optimization --- synthetic aperture radar --- optical remote sensing image

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Monitoring of vegetation structure and functioning is critical to modeling terrestrial ecosystems and energy cycles. In particular, leaf area index (LAI) is an important structural property of vegetation used in many land surface vegetation, climate, and crop production models. Canopy structure (LAI, fCover, plant height, and biomass) and biochemical parameters (leaf pigmentation and water content) directly influence the radiative transfer process of sunlight in vegetation, determining the amount of radiation measured by passive sensors in the visible and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical remote sensing (RS) methods build relationships exploiting in situ measurements and/or as outputs of physical canopy radiative transfer models. The increased availability of passive (radar and LiDAR) RS data has fostered their use in many applications for the analysis of land surface properties and processes, thanks also to their insensitivity to weather conditions and the capability to exploit rich structural and textural information. Data fusion and multi-sensor integration techniques are pressing topics to fully exploit the information conveyed by both optical and microwave bands.

artificial neural network --- downscaling --- simulation --- 3D point cloud --- European beech --- consistency --- adaptive threshold --- evaluation --- photosynthesis --- geographic information system --- P-band PolInSAR --- validation --- density-based clustering --- structure from motion (SfM) --- EPIC --- Tanzania --- signal attenuation --- trunk --- canopy closure --- REDD+ --- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) --- forest --- recursive feature elimination --- Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) --- aboveground biomass --- random forest --- uncertainty --- household survey --- spectral information --- forests biomass --- root biomass --- biomass --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- Brazilian Amazon --- VIIRS --- global positioning system --- LAI --- photochemical reflectance index (PRI) --- allometric scaling and resource limitation --- R690/R630 --- modelling aboveground biomass --- leaf area index --- forest degradation --- spectral analyses --- terrestrial laser scanning --- BAAPA --- leaf area index (LAI) --- stem volume estimation --- tomographic profiles --- polarization coherence tomography (PCT) --- canopy gap fraction --- automated classification --- HemiView --- remote sensing --- multisource remote sensing --- Pléiades imagery --- photogrammetric point cloud --- farm types --- terrestrial LiDAR --- altitude --- RapidEye --- forest aboveground biomass --- recovery --- southern U.S. forests --- NDVI --- machine-learning --- conifer forest --- satellite --- chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) --- tree heights --- phenology --- point cloud --- local maxima --- clumping index --- MODIS --- digital aerial photograph --- Mediterranean --- hemispherical sky-oriented photo --- managed temperate coniferous forests --- fixed tree window size --- drought --- GLAS --- smartphone-based method --- forest above ground biomass (AGB) --- forest inventory --- over and understory cover --- sampling design

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Dear Colleagues, The composition, structure and function of forest ecosystems are the key features characterizing their ecological properties, and can thus be crucially shaped and changed by various biotic and abiotic factors on multiple spatial scales. The magnitude and extent of these changes in recent decades calls for enhanced mitigation and adaption measures. Remote sensing data and methods are the main complementary sources of up-to-date synoptic and objective information of forest ecology. Due to the inherent 3D nature of forest ecosystems, the analysis of 3D sources of remote sensing data is considered to be most appropriate for recreating the forest’s compositional, structural and functional dynamics. In this Special Issue of Forests, we published a set of state-of-the-art scientific works including experimental studies, methodological developments and model validations, all dealing with the general topic of 3D remote sensing-assisted applications in forest ecology. We showed applications in forest ecology from a broad collection of method and sensor combinations, including fusion schemes. All in all, the studies and their focuses are as broad as a forest’s ecology or the field of remote sensing and, thus, reflect the very diverse usages and directions toward which future research and practice will be directed.

normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- SRTMGL1 --- SPOT-6 --- urban ecology --- terrestrial laser scanner --- Lantana camara --- terrestrial laser scanning --- harvester --- product recovery --- imputation --- optimization --- multi-spectral --- function --- ZiYuan-3 stereo images --- spatial noise --- 3D remote sensing --- tree measurement --- diameter at breast height (DBH) --- DSM --- metabolic scale theory --- municipal forestry --- digital photogrammetry --- Norway spruce --- missing observations --- interrater agreement --- measurement error --- stump height --- Fractional cover analysis --- google earth engine --- high-voltage power transmission lines --- habitat fragmentation --- codispersion coefficient --- forest fire --- tree height --- nu SVR --- RapidEye --- uneven-aged mountainous --- random Hough transform --- kriging --- street trees --- ground validation --- Google Street View --- laser --- species identification --- composition --- maximum forest heights --- mountainous areas --- landscape fragmentation --- Landsat 8 --- forest canopy height --- allometric scaling and resource limitation model --- urban forestry --- point cloud --- GSV --- stump diameter --- structure --- 3D --- codispersion map --- forest ecology --- polarimetery --- crowdsourced data

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“Smart Sensing Technologies for Agriculture” is a Special Issue of Sensors that includes 14 research papers on diverse topics about the measurement of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil, plants, and animals related to modern farming practices.

moisture measurement --- Kalman filter --- model predictive control --- germination paper --- convolutional neural networks --- livestock --- lying posture --- standing posture --- Three-dimensional mapping --- quasi-3D inversion algorithm --- cation exchange capacity --- clay content --- sandy infertile soil --- optical micro-sensors --- crop protection --- precision agriculture --- infrared spectroscopy --- principal component analysis (PCA) --- partial least squares (PLS) --- droplet characterization --- apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) --- pH --- UAV --- boundary-line --- quantile regression --- law of minimum --- on-site detection --- ion-selective electrode (ISE) --- soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) --- soil moisture --- sensor fusion --- transfer learning --- deep learning --- body dimensions --- point cloud --- Kd-network --- feature recognition --- FFPH --- non-contact measurement --- X-ray fluorescence --- spectroscopy --- soil nutrients --- proximal soil sensing --- soil testing --- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy --- LIBS --- elemental composition --- broiler surface temperature extraction --- thermal image processing --- head region locating --- adaptive K-means --- ellipse fitting --- harvesting robot --- gripper --- segmentation --- cutting point detection --- soil --- soil electrical resistivity --- autonomous robot --- real-time measurement --- precision farming --- mapping --- precision weeding --- multispectral imaging --- kinetic stereo imaging --- plant detection --- yield estimation --- machine vision --- willow tree