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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

organoids --- editorial --- neurological disorder --- neurodegenenerative diseases --- brain development

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Epigenome --- Diseases epigenome --- Histone variants --- histone modification --- DNA methylation --- small molecules --- oncology --- non-coding RNA --- Drug transporters --- epigenetic biomarkers --- organoids model

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Recently, stem cells have been drawing increasing interest in basic and translational research that aims to understand stem cell biology and generate new therapies for various disorders. Many stem cells can be cultured in 2D relatively easily using tissue culture plastic. However, many of these cultures do not represent the natural conditions of stem cells in the body. In the body, microenvironments include numerous supporting cells and molecules. Therefore, researchers and clinicians have sought ideal stem cell preparations for basic research and clinical applications, which may be attainable through 3D culture of stem cells. The 3D cultures mimic the conditions of the natural environment of stem cells better, as cells in 3D cultures exhibit many unique and desirable characteristics that could be beneficial for therapeutic interventions. 3D stem cell cultures may employ supporting structures, such as various matrices or scaffolds, in addition to stem cells, to support complex structures. This book brings together recent research on 3D cultures of various stem cells to increase the basic understanding of stem cell culture techniques and also to highlight stem cell preparations for possible novel therapeutic applications.

hematopoiesis --- hematopoietic stem cells --- stem cell culture --- 2D culture --- 3D culture --- embryonic stem cells --- three-dimensional --- self-assembling scaffold --- pluripotency --- culture conditions --- expansion --- growth --- niche --- human cortical progenitors --- silicon pillars --- cell growth --- hiPSC-derived neural progenitors --- cerebral cortex --- carcinogen --- protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) --- intestinal tumor --- intestinal organoid --- Lgr5+ crypt stem cell --- mouse embryonic stem cell --- differentiation protocol --- ureteric bud progenitor cells --- 3D kidney organoids --- intestinal organoids --- canine intestine --- differentiation --- organoid culture --- induced pluripotent stem cells --- neurospheres --- neurite outgrowth --- neurotoxicity --- hBM-MSCs --- cytokines --- tenogenic markers --- cyclic strain --- 3D microenvironment --- PLGA carriers --- bioreactor --- cardiac microtissues --- iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes --- cardiac fibroblasts --- cardiac fibrosis --- cardiac rhythm --- TGF-β signalling --- drug screening --- in vitro model --- stem cell --- 3D --- culture condition --- regenerative medicine --- scaffold --- organoid --- adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells --- stromal vascular fraction --- platelet rich plasma --- platelet concentrates --- veterinary regenerative medicine

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The Special Issue "In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Colorectal Cancer for Clinical Application", edited by Marta Baiocchi and Ann Zeuner for Cancers, collects original research papers and reviews, depicting the current state and the perspectives of CRC models for preclinical and translational research. Original research papers published in this issue focus on some of the hottest topics in CRC research, such as circulating tumor cells, epigenetic regulation of stemness states, new therapeutic targets, molecular CRC classification and experimental CRC models such as organoids and PDXs. Additionally, four reviews on CRC stem cells, immunotherapy and drug discovery provide an updated viewpoint on key topics linking benchtop to bedside research in CRC.

colorectal cancer --- organoids --- 3D bioprinting --- patient-derived xenograft --- cancer-on-chip --- drug combination --- cancer stem cells --- drug resistance --- clinical trials --- tumor-initiating cells --- tumor heterogeneity --- patient-derived cancer models --- single-cell RNA-sequencing --- tumor metabolism --- transcriptional programs --- tumor cell differentiation --- immunotherapy --- methods --- chromosomal instability --- DNA damage --- targeted therapy --- decitabine --- colon cancer --- DNA methylation --- clinical translation study --- machine learning --- patient-derived tumor organoid --- precision medicine --- radiation response --- rectal cancer --- PDX model --- CRC --- mutation analysis --- histological examination --- animal models --- in vitro culture --- cancer stem cell methods --- SATB2 --- colorectal carcinoma --- prognosis --- CDX2 --- circulating tumor cells --- CTC cluster --- size-based method --- ScreenCell® --- epithelial mesenchymal transition --- hypoxia --- HIF-1α --- immunofluorescence analysis --- sequential filtration

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The development of micro- and nanodevices for blood analysis continues to be a growing interdisciplinary subject that demands the careful integration of different research fields. Following the success of the book “Micro/Nano Devices for Blood Analysis”, we invited more authors from the scientific community to participate in and submit their research for a second volume. Researchers from different areas and backgrounds cooperated actively and submitted high-quality research, focusing on the latest advances and challenges in micro- and nanodevices for diagnostics and blood analysis; micro- and nanofluidics; technologies for flow visualization and diagnosis; biochips, organ-on-a-chip and lab-on-a-chip devices; and their applications to research and industry.

blood viscosity --- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) --- T-shaped microfluidic channel --- air-compressed syringe (ACS) --- micro-particle image velocimetry --- viscoelasticity --- microfluidic device --- coflowing streams --- interface --- linear differential equation --- two approximate factors --- dielectrophoresis --- electrophysiological properties --- crossover frequency --- wake or recirculation formation --- dielectric spectra --- air compliance effect --- RBC aggregation --- blood viscoelasticity --- blood velocity fields --- interface in co-flowing streams --- blood flow --- particle tracking --- red blood cells --- manual methods --- automatic methods --- image analysis --- biomicrofluidics --- microfluidics --- blood plasma filtration --- chip extract --- blood molecules --- patient-derived organoids --- colorectal cancer --- 3D model --- drug screening --- diagnostics --- malaria --- optical filters --- reflectance --- spectrophotometry --- TFCalc --- small caliber blood vessel --- composite molding --- micro-nano structure --- tissue repair --- 3D printing --- blood cells --- fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy --- functional group --- lab-on-a-chip --- n/a