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Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also referred to as HRF or fortilin, is a multifunctional protein, expressed in all eukaryotic organisms from protozoa to humans. TCTP is involved in many basic biological processes, such as cell division, growth, and development. It is therefore not surprising that dysregulation of TCTP occurs in various disease processes, such as cardiovascular, allergic, and immune disorders. TCTP’s role in cancer-promoting pathways is well- documented, and the protein is considered a potential target for the design of new anti-cancer strategies. Therefore, an understanding of the core biological functions of TCTP, the mechanisms underlying its cellular regulation, and its involvement in disease processes is important. This book provides a current overview on the basic biological functions of TCTP and on its role in promoting a range of disease processes.

Loxosceles --- brown spider --- TCTP --- venom --- toxin --- HRF --- allergy --- mast cells --- basophils --- IgE --- FcεRI --- translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) --- apoptosis --- conditional knockout mice --- development --- Nestin-cre --- neurogenesis --- neuronal progenitor cells --- perinatal death --- proliferation --- Mmi1 --- translationally controlled tumor protein --- autophagy --- reactive oxygen species --- rapamycin --- nitrogen starvation --- cancer --- phospho-TCTP --- DHA --- T-DM1 --- HER2-positive breast cancer --- TCTP (HRF --- fortilin) --- growth and development --- biological stress reactions --- regulation of protein synthesis --- regulated protein degradation --- cardiovascular diseases --- n/a

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The natriuretic peptides (NPs) family includes a class of hormones and their receptors needed for the physiological control of cardiovascular functions. The discovery of NPs provided a fundamental contribution into our understanding of the physiological regulation of blood pressure, and of heart and kidney functions. NPs have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and stroke. A fine comprehension of the molecular mechanisms dependent from NPs and underlying the promotion of cardiovascular damage has contributed to improve our understanding of the molecular basis of all major CVDs. Finally, the opportunity to target NPs in order to develop new therapeutic tools for a better treatment of CVDs has been developed over the years. The current Special Issue of the Journal covers all major aspects of the molecular implications of NPs in physiology and pathology of the cardiovascular system, including NP-based therapeutic approaches.

postmortem biochemistry --- medulla --- animal models --- remodeling --- BNP --- PCSK9 --- guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A --- cardiorenal syndrome --- forensic medicine --- preserved ejection fraction --- kidney --- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system --- atrial fibrillation --- vasopressor --- congestive heart failure --- atrial natriuretic peptide --- gene-knockout --- obesity --- heart failure --- angiogenesis --- adipose tissue --- vascular --- LDL receptor --- metabolic syndrome --- linkage analysis --- cardiometabolic disease --- cardiomyocyte --- cardiac dysfunction --- cardiac hypertrophy --- insulin --- lipid metabolism --- cGMP --- Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH) --- Natriuretic Peptide Clearance Receptor (NPR-C) signaling --- gene-duplication --- renin–angiotensin system --- natriuretic peptides --- angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor --- cardiac remodelling --- ARNi --- NT-proBNP --- inflammation --- pulmonary arterial hypertension --- vascular homeostasis --- endothelial cell --- Atrial Natriuretic peptide --- natriuretic peptide --- vasodilator --- stroke --- genetic variants --- arterial hypertension --- fibroblast --- MANP --- hypertension --- guanylyl cyclase receptor A

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This book aims to provide novel insights into the mechanisms of embryo implantation and placental development, as well as at present an overview of the current knowledge on the different signaling pathways regulating the early steps of implantation and placentation, and on the pathological alterations which may impair the establishment of a physiological pregnancy.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- fetuin-A --- GDM --- cell growth --- centrosome --- primary cilium --- autophagy --- implantation --- endometrium --- blastocyst --- embryo --- chorionic gonadotropin --- progesterone --- Notch --- cytokines --- placenta --- amino acid transporter --- mammalian target of rapamycin --- gestational diabetes --- trophectoderm --- cell proliferation --- let-7 miRNAs --- gene regulation --- fractalkine --- trophoblast --- bilaminar co-culture --- miRNA --- trophoblast cells --- ARID3B complex --- decidualization --- adverse pregnancy outcome --- preconception --- preimplantation genetic screening --- in-vitro fertilization --- biopsy --- euploid embryo --- pregnancy --- mosaicism --- development --- flow culture --- KIT receptor --- KITD816V --- placental development --- premature differentiation --- trophoblast stem cell --- trophoblast giant cell --- spongiotrophoblast --- invasion --- embryonic growth retardation --- Jag1 --- Dll4 --- endothelial cells --- decidua --- angiogenesis --- capillaries --- spiral arteries --- Stabilin-1 --- Stabilin-2 --- double knockout --- hemorrhage --- RNA-seq --- ChIP-seq --- enhancers --- transcription factors --- PLAGL1 --- tube formation --- blood vessel development --- PlGF --- Flt-1/VEGFR1 --- immune modulation --- human placenta --- lopinavir --- mitochondria --- Mfn2 --- UPR --- IRE1α --- placental dysfunction --- assisted reproduction techniques --- infertility --- preeclampsia --- intrauterine growth restriction --- trophoblast invasion --- sFLT-1 --- EGFL7 --- placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells --- mouse model

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The present book contains all the articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Advances in Artificial Intelligence: Models, Optimization, and Machine Learning” of the MDPI Mathematics journal, which covers a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of artificial intelligence and its subfields. These topics include, among others, deep learning and classic machine learning algorithms, neural modelling, architectures and learning algorithms, biologically inspired optimization algorithms, algorithms for autonomous driving, probabilistic models and Bayesian reasoning, intelligent agents and multiagent systems. We hope that the scientific results presented in this book will serve as valuable sources of documentation and inspiration for anyone willing to pursue research in artificial intelligence, machine learning and their widespread applications.

large margin nearest neighbor regression --- distance metrics --- prototypes --- evolutionary algorithm --- approximate differential optimization --- multiple point hill climbing --- adaptive sampling --- free radical polymerization --- autonomous driving --- object tracking --- trajectory prediction --- deep neural networks --- stochastic methods --- applied machine learning --- classification and regression --- data mining --- ensemble model --- engineering informatics --- gender-based violence in Mexico --- twitter messages --- class imbalance --- k-nearest neighbor --- instance-based learning --- graph neural network --- deep learning --- hyperparameters --- machine learning --- optimization --- inference --- metaheuristics --- animal-inspired --- exploration --- exploitation --- hot rolled strip steel --- surface defects --- defect classification --- knockout tournament --- dynamic programming algorithm --- computational complexity --- combinatorics --- intelligent transport systems --- traffic control --- spatial-temporal variable speed limit --- multi-agent systems --- reinforcement learning --- distributed W-learning --- urban motorways --- multi-agent framework --- .NET framework --- simulations --- agent-based systems --- agent algorithms --- software design --- multisensory fingerprint --- interoperability --- DeepFKTNet --- classification --- generative adversarial networks --- image classification --- transfer learning --- plastic bottle --- n/a

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Mounting evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between metabolism and inflammation. Molecular crosstalk between these processes occurs at different levels with the participation of nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). There are three PPAR isotypes, α, β/δ, and γ, which modulate metabolic and inflammatory pathways, making them key for the control of cellular, organ, and systemic processes. PPAR activity is governed by fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives, and by drugs used in clinics (glitazones and fibrates). The study of PPAR action, also modulated by post-translational modifications, has enabled extraordinary advances in the understanding of the multifaceted roles of these receptors in metabolism, energy homeostasis, and inflammation both in health and disease. This Special Issue of IJMS includes a broad range of basic and translational article, both original research and reviews, focused on the latest developments in the regulation of metabolic and/or inflammatory processes by PPARs in all organs and the microbiomes of different vertebrate species.

nuclear receptor --- gene transcription --- inflammation --- molecular docking --- PPARβ/δ --- lung --- pulmonary artery --- GW0742 --- GSK3787 --- docking --- lipopolysaccharide (LPS) --- PPARγ ligand --- coumarin --- fluorescent ligand --- screening --- crystal structure --- PPAR --- atopic dermatitis --- psoriasis --- metabolic reprograming --- glucose --- fatty acids --- mycobacteria --- M. tuberculosis --- M. leprae --- PPARs --- lipid droplets --- metabolic alterations --- hepatic damage --- nuclear factors --- pharmacological targets --- AMPK --- GDF15 --- insulin resistance --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) --- real-time PCR --- ELISA --- immunohistochemistry --- signaling pathway --- PPAR gamma --- brain --- neural stem cells --- infection --- neuroinflammation --- HIV --- Zika --- cytomegalovirus --- neurogenesis --- microglia --- liver damage --- toll-like receptor 4 --- P2Y2 receptor --- metabolic syndrome --- resveratrol --- quercetin --- PPARα --- peroxisome --- β-oxidation --- PPRE --- ligand --- coregulator --- micronutrients --- PPARα knockout --- adipose tissue --- browning --- lipid metabolism --- depression --- PPARg --- neuropathology --- corticotropin releasing hormone --- norepinephrine --- subgenual prefrontal cortex --- amygdala --- nucleus accumbens --- common carotid artery occlusion --- electroretinography --- fibroblast growth factor 21 --- pemafibrate --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha --- retinal ischemia --- skeletal muscle --- substrate metabolism --- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) --- sex dimorphism --- lipidomics --- hepatic sex-biased gene expression --- PPARγ --- pulmonary arterial hypertension --- TGFβ --- vascular injury --- proliferation --- kidney fibrosis --- pattern-recognition receptors --- phagocytosis --- nitric oxide synthase --- fenofibrate --- oleoylethanolamide --- palmitoylethanolamide --- cancer --- immunity --- obesity --- diabetes --- miRNA --- DNA methylation --- histone modification --- peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor --- fatty acid oxidation --- doping control --- regulatory T cells --- exercise --- nuclear receptors --- nutrigenomics --- energy homeostasis --- dairy animals --- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) --- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) --- bezafibrate --- fenofibric acid --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor --- dual/pan agonist --- X-ray crystallography --- n/a