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The declining supply of crude oils worldwide and the ever increasing demand for petroleum products from China, India, Europe and the US have recently propelled crude prices to unprecedented levels. The future availability of traditional crudes is becoming a source of discussion and debate.Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts and Catalysis offers a timely and comprehensive report on the processing of relatively inexpensive coal deposits into transportation fluids using Fisher-Tropsch process Technology. In addition to recent catalysts and process developments, the book contains
Fischer-Tropsch process. --- Catalysis. --- Iron catalysts. --- Petroleum, Synthetic. --- Fischer-Tropsch, Procédé --- Catalyse --- Catalyseurs au fer --- Pétrole synthétique --- Fischer-Tropsch process --- Catalysis --- Cobalt catalysts --- Iron catalysts --- Petroleum, Synthetic --- Synthetic petroleum --- Hydrocarbons --- Petroleum --- Synthetic fuels --- Catalysts --- Synthine process --- Carbon monoxide --- Coal liquefaction --- Hydrogenation
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Iron catalysts in organic synthesis are strongly in demand because iron is non-toxic, inexpensive, and the most abundant transition metal in the earth, although their use is still limited compared with that of rare, precious metals such as palladium, ruthenium, and rhodium. This thesis describes the first practical example of iron catalysis in the carbon–hydrogen bond activation reaction to synthesized fused aromatic ring compounds. By using a unique combination of iron catalyst and dichloride oxidant, various kind of naphthalene and phenanthrene derivatives were synthesized via annulation reaction with alkynes including direct C–H bond activation process. This achievement opens the new possibility of low-valent iron catalysis and expands synthetic methods for a sustainable society.
Iron catalysts. --- Aromatic compounds --- Synthesis. --- Catalysts --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Materials. --- Organometallic Chemistry. --- Metallic Materials. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Organic chemistry --- Chemistry --- Materials --- Organometallic chemistry . --- Metals. --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Chemistry, Organometallic --- Metallo-organic chemistry --- Chemistry, Organic
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The series Topics in Organometallic Chemistry presents critical overviews of research results in organometallic chemistry. As our understanding of organometallic structure, properties and mechanisms increases, new ways are opened for the design of organometallic compounds and reactions tailored to the needs of such diverse areas as organic synthesis, medical research, biology and materials science. Thus the scope of coverage includes a broad range of topics of pure and applied organometallic chemistry, where new breakthroughs are being achieved that are of significance to a larger scientific audience. The individual volumes of Topics in Organometallic Chemistry are thematic. Review articles are generally invited by the volume editors.
Chemistry. --- Organometallic Chemistry. --- Catalysis. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Chemical engineering. --- Chimie --- Chimie organique --- Génie chimique --- Catalyse --- Organic Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Organometallic chemistry. --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Chemistry, Organometallic --- Metallo-organic chemistry --- Chemistry, Organic --- Physical sciences --- Organic chemistry --- Iron catalysts. --- Catalysts --- Organometallic chemistry .
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This thesis gives a thorough account of the development of iron-catalysed hydrosilylation, hydroboration and hydromagnesiation reactions. With extraordinary referencing and scientific argument, Mark Greenhalgh describes the development of methodologies which require only commercially available materials and non-specialised techniques. The intention of this approach is to ensure the science can be adopted widely by the chemical community. In addition to an insight into the processes involved in methodology development, Greenhalgh discusses and determines the relevant reaction mechanisms. This thesis provides not only the most thorough review of the area, but offers a level of insight well beyond that expected from a Ph.D. student. The work in this thesis has been published at the highest level, and the results and ideas have led to 3 industry-funded Ph.D. studentships and grant income in excess of £1 million. .
Chemistry. --- Organometallic chemistry. --- Chemical engineering. --- Catalysis. --- Organometallic Chemistry. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Alkenes. --- Iron catalysts. --- Alkynes. --- Alkines --- Ethene series --- Ethylene series --- Olefines --- Olefins --- Hydrocarbons --- Catalysts --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Organic chemistry --- Chemistry --- Organometallic chemistry . --- Chemistry, Organometallic --- Metallo-organic chemistry --- Chemistry, Organic
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This thesis describes the development of iron-catalyzed thienyl C–H/C–H coupling. This is applied to the synthesis of highly conjugated and electron-rich thiophene compounds of interest in materials science by utilization of low redox potential of iron in combination with a mild oxalate oxidant. Transition-metal-catalyzed C(sp2)–H/C(sp2)–H coupling has attracted much attention as one of the most straightforward methods to construct C(sp2)–C(sp2) bonds. However, application of this ideal transformation to the synthesis of redox-sensitive pi-materials was hindered by the requirement of a strong oxidant for catalyst turnover. This limitation originates primarily from the large redox potential of conventional transition-metal catalysts such as palladium and rhodium. This thesis shows that the efficiency of C–H activation was significantly improved by introduction of a new conjugated tridentate phosphine ligand, giving direct access to polymeric thiophene materials from simple thiophene monomers. Considering the importance of environmentally friendly organic synthesis in terms of UN Sustainable Development Goals, the reactions described herein highlight the potential of iron, the most abundant transition-metal on earth, for the direct synthesis of functional small molecules and polymers of importance in energy device applications.
Iron catalysts. --- Polymerization. --- Thiophenes --- Synthesis. --- Thiofurans --- Thiophene --- Organic cyclic compounds --- Organosulfur compounds --- Polymerisation --- Polymers --- Polymers and polymerization --- Synthesis of polymers --- Chemical reactions --- Catalysts --- Synthesis --- Organometallic chemistry. --- Chemistry. --- Catalysis. --- Materials. --- Force and energy. --- Organometallic Chemistry. --- Chemical Synthesis. --- Materials for Energy and Catalysis. --- Polymer Synthesis. --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Physical sciences --- Chemistry, Organometallic --- Metallo-organic chemistry --- Chemistry, Organic --- Conservation of energy --- Correlation of forces --- Energy --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Materials
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Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.
polynuclear cobalt complexes --- water oxidation --- artificial photosynthesis --- Fe/Cu catalytic-ceramic-filler --- nitrobenzene compounds wastewater --- pilot-scale test --- biodegradability-improvement --- Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) --- oxygenates --- iron --- cobalt --- ruthenium --- Anderson-Schulz-Flory (ASF) distribution --- Fischer–Tropsch --- catalyst deactivation --- potassium --- liquid-phase catalytic oxidation --- limonene --- carvone --- zeolitic imidazolate frameworks --- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis --- chain growth --- CO insertion --- kinetic isotope effect --- DFT --- hydrogenation of CO --- iron catalysts --- syngas --- monometallic iron catalysts --- Fischer–Tropsch product distribution --- reaction mechanism --- catalysis --- process synthesis and design --- energy conversion --- iron–cobalt bimetal catalysts --- electrochemical application --- hydrogen evolution --- oxygen evolution --- oxygen reduction --- RWGS --- iron oxides --- CO2 conversion --- gas-switching --- Synthetic natural gas (SNG) --- Cobalt --- Iron --- C2–C4 hydrocarbons --- paraffin ratio --- asymmetric hydrogenation --- homogeneous catalysis --- structural design --- conformational analysis --- NMR spectroscopy --- alumina --- strong metal support interactions --- CO2 hydrogenation --- pressure --- temperature --- cobalt carboxylate --- coating --- autoxidation --- alkyd --- siccative --- polymerization --- manganese --- Fischer–Tropsch synthesis --- modeling --- kinetics --- Co --- Al2O3 --- Pt --- Cd --- In --- Sn --- hydrocarbon selectivity --- synergic effect --- GTL --- additives --- reducibility --- XANES --- mesoporous silica based catalysts --- kinetic studies --- 3-D printed microchannel microreactor --- cobalt–nickel nanoparticles --- cobalt–nickel alloys --- nickel --- HAADF-STEM --- TPR-EXAFS/XANES --- CO hydrogenation --- CSTR --- n/a --- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) --- Fischer-Tropsch --- Fischer-Tropsch product distribution --- iron-cobalt bimetal catalysts --- C2-C4 hydrocarbons --- cobalt-nickel nanoparticles --- cobalt-nickel alloys
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