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In an article in 2001 the author analyzed the way Fidesz, the party on government for the first time then, was eliminating the institutional system of the rule of law. At that time, many readers doubted the legitimacy of the new approach, whose key categories were the 'organized over-world', the 'state employing mafia methods' and the 'adopted political family'. Critics considered these categories metaphors rather than elements of a coherent conceptual framework. Ten years later Fidesz won a two-third majority in Parliament at the 2010 elections: the institutional obstacles of exerting power were thus largely removed. Just like the party, the state itself was placed under the control of a single individual, who since then has applied the techniques used within his party to enforce submission and obedience onto society as a whole. While in many post-communist systems a segment of the party and secret service became the elite in possession of not only political power but also of wealth, Fidesz, as a late-coming new political predator, was able to occupy this position through an aggressive change of elite. The actions of the post-communist mafia state model are led by the logic of power and wealth concentration in the hands of the clan. But while the classical mafia channeled wealth and economic players into its spheres of interest by means of direct coercion, the mafia state does the same by means of parliamentary legislation, legal prosecution, tax authority, police forces and secret service. The new conceptual framework is important and timely not only for Hungary, but also for other post-communist countries subjected to autocratic rules.

Post-communism --- Political corruption --- Dictatorship --- Organized crime --- History --- Hungary --- Politics and government --- Postcommunism --- World politics --- Communism --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Despotism --- Totalitarianism --- Crime syndicates --- Organised crime --- Crime --- Corrupt practices --- Political systems --- Corruption, Ideology, Illiberalism, Justice, Media, Political economy, Political studies. --- Post-communism-Hungary-History-21st century. --- Political corruption-Hungary-History-21st century. --- Dictatorship-Hungary-History-21st century. --- Organized crime-Hungary-History-21st century. --- Hungary-Politics and government-1989-.

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"Great Expectations and Postwar Realities is an examination of the practice variously referred to as 'cultural diplomacy,' 'self-advertisement,' 'image cultivation,' 'image projection,' 'public relations,' 'soft power,' 'nation-branding,' 'perception management,' 'national reputation management,' and, most recently, 'public diplomacy.' By investigating the intersection of diplomacy, national identity construction, and cultural production, my study evaluates the promises and limitations of interwar Hungarian cultural diplomacy. It asks two questions: What was the value of such practices when employed by a state that lacked material and non-material power? In which ways did the country's cultural-diplomatic endeavors contribute to its postwar nation-building project? In posing these questions, Great Expectations and Postwar Realities, while rooted in Hungary, examines larger themes such as the nature of interwar international relations and the complexities of national identity construction. Hungarian cultural diplomacy had a great impact, if for different reasons than historians have often thought. For while cultural diplomacy helps us to understand the ways in which small states exploited the gaps in the international system, its most enduring achievements are connected with domestic development"--Introduction.

Nationalism --- Cultural diplomacy --- Consciousness, National --- Identity, National --- National consciousness --- National identity --- International relations --- Patriotism --- Political science --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Internationalism --- Political messianism --- Cultural relations --- Diplomacy --- History --- Hungary --- Cultural policy. --- Politics and government --- Foreign relations --- Cultural studies, Diplomatic history, Film, Hungary, Identity, Tourism. --- Cultural diplomacy-Hungary-History-20th century. --- Nationalism-Hungary-History-20th century. --- Hungary-Foreign relations-1918-1945.

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Mit Nikolaus/Miklos Zrínyi d.Ä. (gest. 1566) und dessen gleichnamigem Urenkel (gest. 1664), dem Feldherrn, Politiker, Dichter und gebildeten Weltmann, werden nicht nur große Gestalten der ungarischen Geschichte zum Thema, sondern zugleich Figuren von kaum zu überschätzender europäischer Strahlkraft. Davon zeugen im Kulturraum des alten Reiches bis ins 19. Jahrhundert zahlreiche Berichte, Gedichte, Flugschriften, Predigten, Erzählungen, Romane, auch Dramen wie die Tragödie von Theodor Körner. Der internationale Tagungsband dokumentiert genau den Forschungsstand und rekonstruiert im weiten Umblick Grundlagen, Formen, Stadien und Sichtweisen dieses europäischen Nachruhms, erschließt dabei schwerpunktmäßig bekannte und unbekannte Werke der deutschen Literatur.

European literature. --- European literature --- Europe --- History. --- Zrínyi, Miklós, --- Zrínyi, Miklós --- Influence --- Serini, Nicholas, --- Zrini, Miklos, --- Šubić Zrinski, Nikola, --- Šubic Zrínsky, Mikuláš, --- Zrínsky, Mikuláš, --- History of literature. --- Hungary/culture. --- Hungary/history. --- Hungary/literature. --- Ottoman wars.

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A glorious period of Hungarian mathematics started in 1900 when Lipót Fejér discovered the summability of Fourier series.This was followed by the discoveries of his disciples in Fourier analysis and in the theory of analytic functions. At the same time Frederic (Frigyes) Riesz created functional analysis and Alfred Haar gave the first example of wavelets. Later the topics investigated by Hungarian mathematicians broadened considerably, and included topology, operator theory, differential equations, probability, etc. The present volume, the first of two, presents some of the most remarkable results achieved in the twentieth century by Hungarians in analysis, geometry and stochastics. The book is accessible to anyone with a minimum knowledge of mathematics. It is supplemented with an essay on the history of Hungary in the twentieth century and biographies of those mathematicians who are no longer active. A list of all persons referred to in the chapters concludes the volume.

Mathematics. --- History of Mathematics. --- Analysis. --- Geometry. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Global analysis (Mathematics). --- Mathematics_$xHistory. --- Distribution (Probability theory). --- Mathématiques --- Analyse globale (Mathématiques) --- Géométrie --- Distribution (Théorie des probabilités) --- Mathematics -- History -- 20th century. --- Mathematics -- Hungary -- History -- 20th century. --- Mathematics --- Mathematics - General --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- History --- Research --- Math --- History. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Analysis (Mathematics). --- Probabilities. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- History of Science. --- Science --- Distribution (Probability theory. --- Distribution functions --- Frequency distribution --- Characteristic functions --- Probabilities --- Euclid's Elements --- Analysis, Global (Mathematics) --- Differential topology --- Functions of complex variables --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- 517.1 Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Probability Theory.

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The “Rudolf Mössbauer Story” recounts the history of the discovery of the “Mössbauer Effect” in 1958 by Rudolf Mössbauer as a graduate student of Heinz Maier-Leibnitz for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1961 when he was 32 years old. The development of numerous applications of the Mössbauer Effect in many fields of sciences , such as physics, chemistry, biology and medicine is reviewed by experts who contributed to this wide spread research. In 1978 Mössbauer focused his research interest on a new field “Neutrino Oscillations” and later on the study of the properties of the neutrinos emitted by the sun.

Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Chemists -- Hungary -- Biography. --- Hungary -- History -- 20th century. --- Physics. --- Science (General). --- Scientists -- Biography. --- Physicists --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Physics - General --- Atomic Physics --- Light & Optics --- Research --- Mössbauer effect. --- Mössbauer, Rudolf L. --- Physical chemistry. --- Solid state physics. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Popular works. --- Solid State Physics. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Popular Science, general. --- Fluorescence --- Nuclear physics --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Radiation --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Measurement   . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Solids --- Mossbauer effect. --- Mossbauer, Rudolf L.