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The aim of the present work is to describe the deformation and fracture behavior of single crystal tungsten at the microscopic scale by using the ?nite element method. Therefore, the studies focus mainly on the in?uence of crystal orientation as well as the investigation of crack initiation and crack propagation. With a defined crack propagation model, the simulations of microbending allows for evaluating the details of the fracture process more accurately and supported the experimental studies.

Microcracking --- Finite elements --- Crystal plasticity --- Wolframeinkristall --- KristallplastizitätSingle Crystal Tungsten --- Bruchzähigkeit --- Finite Elemente --- Mikrorißbildung --- Fracture toughness

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The book deals with novel aspects and perspectives in functionally graded materials (FGMs), which are advanced engineering materials designed for a specific performance or function with spatial gradation in structure and/or composition. The contributions mainly focus on numerical simulations of mechanical properties and the behavior of FGMs and FGM structures. Several advancements in numerical simulations that are particularly useful for investigations on FGMs have been proposed and demonstrated in this Special Issue. Such proposed approaches provide incisive methods to explore and predict the mechanical and structural characteristics of FGMs subjected to thermoelectromechanical loadings under various boundary and environmental conditions. The contributions have resulted in enhanced activity regarding the prediction of FGM properties and global structural responses, which are of great importance when considering the potential applications of FGM structures. Furthermore, the presented scientific scope is, in some way, an answer to the continuous demand for FGM structures, and opens new perspectives for their practical use.

power-law distribution --- evanescent wave --- flow theory of plasticity --- free vibration characteristics --- neural networks --- geometrically nonlinear analysis --- finite element method --- stress concentration factor --- inhomogeneous composite materials --- circular plate --- porous materials --- minimum module approximation method --- ANFIS --- electroelastic solution --- functionally graded piezoelectric materials --- Love wave --- polynomial approach --- stepped FG paraboloidal shell --- material design --- damping coefficient --- spring stiffness technique --- Lamb wave --- pure bending --- general edge conditions --- residual stress --- graded finite elements --- large strain --- non-linear buckling analysis --- orthogonal stiffener --- combined mechanical loads --- functionally graded piezoelectric-piezomagnetic material --- functionally graded beams --- attenuation --- failure and damage --- analytical solution --- functionally graded materials --- elastoplastic analysis --- elastic foundation --- hollow disc --- different moduli in tension and compression --- external pressure --- functional graded saturated material --- bimodulus --- fuzzy logic --- truncated conical sandwich shell --- quadratic solid–shell elements --- functionally graded viscoelastic material --- finite element analysis --- residual strain --- neutral layer --- elliptical hole --- thin structures --- functionally graded plate --- inhomogeneity --- clustering --- metal foam core layer --- robotics and contact wear --- dispersion --- high order shear deformation theory --- finite elements

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Advances in materials are crucial to the development of sports equipment, from tennis rackets to skis to running shoes. Materials-driven improvements in equipment have helped athletes perform better, while enhancing safety and making sport more accessible and enjoyable. This book brings together a collection of 10 papers on the topic of sports materials, as published in a Special Issue of Applied Sciences. The papers within this book cover a range of sports, including golf, tennis, table tennis and baseball. State-of-the-art engineering techniques, such as finite element modelling, impact testing and full-field strain measurement, are applied to help further our understanding of sports equipment mechanics and the role of materials, with a view to improving performance, enhancing safety and facilitating informed regulatory decision making. The book also includes papers that describe emerging and novel materials, including auxetic materials with their negative Poisson’s ratio (fattening when stretched) and knits made of bamboo charcoal. This collection of papers should serve as a useful resource for sports engineers working in both academia and industry, as well as engineering students who are interested in sports equipment and materials.

n/a --- foam --- finite element --- sportswear textiles --- cannon --- textiles --- impact attenuation --- shockpad --- foam protective mats --- robot --- additive manufacturing --- indentation --- bat --- rubber --- slope of grain --- wood --- injury --- strain --- impact --- durability --- protective equipment --- mechanical properties --- artificial turf --- strain propagation --- auxetic foam --- sports safety --- torsion --- quick-dry yarn --- concussion --- baseball --- finite element modelling --- polymer --- strain rate --- Charpy --- protection --- rate dependence --- functional composite yarns --- impact testing --- golf --- helmet --- architecture --- auxetic --- clubhead --- digital image correlation --- finite element analysis --- tennis --- comfort --- negative Poisson’s ratio --- friction --- bamboo charcoal yarn --- EFG method --- sport --- finite elements --- shaft

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Expansion of water resources is a key factor in the socio-economic development of all countries. Dams play a critical role in water storage, especially for areas with unequal rainfall and limited water availability. While the safety of existing dams, periodic re-evaluations and life extensions are the primary objectives in developed countries, the design and construction of new dams are the main concerns in developing countries. The role of dam engineers has greatly changed over recent decades. Thanks to new technologies, the surveillance, monitoring, design and analysis tasks involved in this process have significantly improved. The current edited book is a collection of dam-related papers. The overall aim of this edited book is to improve modeling, simulation and field measurements for different dam types (i.e. concrete gravity dams, concrete arch dams, and embankments). The articles cover a wide range of topics on the subject of dams, and reflect the scientific efforts and engineering approaches in this challenging and exciting research field.

arch dams --- probabilistic --- nonlinear --- seismic --- response correlation --- stochastic --- excavation --- movement --- field --- groundwater --- soil nail --- spatial --- variability --- alkali-silica reaction --- damage --- existing concrete dam --- finite element analysis --- temperature --- saturation degree --- dams --- endurance time analysis --- dynamic capacity --- failure --- seismic effects --- dam safety --- concrete dams --- structural safety and reliability --- finite elements --- earthfill dam --- central clay core --- downstream shoulder --- settlements --- long-term behaviour --- reservoir level fluctuations --- rainfall --- seepage --- geodetic monitoring --- concrete arch dams --- seasonal temperature variations --- crack prediction --- non-linear finite element analyses --- concrete gravity dams --- seismic fragility analysis --- uncertainty quantification --- performance based earthquake engineering --- stability assessment --- instrumentation --- earth dam --- health monitoring --- passive rock bolt --- concrete dam --- progressive failure --- n/a

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The problem of solving complex engineering problems has always been a major topic in all industrial fields, such as aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering. The use of numerical methods has increased exponentially in the last few years, due to modern computers in the field of structural mechanics. Moreover, a wide range of numerical methods have been presented in the literature for solving such problems. Structural mechanics problems are dealt with using partial differential systems of equations that might be solved by following the two main classes of methods: Domain-decomposition methods or the so-called finite element methods and mesh-free methods where no decomposition is carried out. Both methodologies discretize a partial differential system into a set of algebraic equations that can be easily solved by computer implementation. The aim of the present Special Issue is to present a collection of recent works on these themes and a comparison of the novel advancements of both worlds in structural mechanics applications.

direction field --- tensor line --- principal stress --- tailored fiber placement --- heat conduction --- finite elements --- space-time --- elastodynamics --- mesh adaptation --- non-circular deep tunnel --- complex variables --- conformal mapping --- elasticity --- numerical simulation --- numerical modeling --- joint static strength --- finite element method --- parametric investigation --- reinforced joint (collar and doubler plate) --- nonlocal elasticity theory --- Galerkin weighted residual FEM --- silicon carbide nanowire --- silver nanowire --- gold nanowire --- biostructure --- rostrum --- paddlefish --- Polyodon spathula --- maximum-flow/minimum-cut --- stress patterns --- finite element modelling --- laminated composite plates --- non-uniform mechanical properties --- panel method --- marine propeller --- noise --- FW-H equations --- experimental test --- continuation methods --- bifurcations --- limit points --- cohesive elements --- functionally graded materials --- porosity distributions --- first-order shear deformation theory --- shear correction factor --- higher-order shear deformation theory --- equivalent single-layer approach --- n/a