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Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are a common cause of infections in both community and healthcare settings and have become an increasing threat to public health worldwide. The focus of this Special Issue includes aspects concerning plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance along with other carbapenem resistance mechanisms. Understanding the prevalence and routes of transmission of CRE is important in developing specific interventions for healthcare facilities, as well as the general impact of CRE circulation on the environment. Attention has also been focused on carbapenemase testing in order to provide advanced phenotypic and molecular assays for the identification of CRE, as a valid tool for active global surveillance, and from this perspective, the study of resistance mechanisms can provide significant support for the development of new and appropriate antimicrobial molecules. For all of these reasons, the phenomenon of carbapenem resistance deserves more attention, for the sake of public health.
carbapenem resistance --- carbapenemase --- whole genome sequencing --- long reads, plasmid --- Klebsiella pneumoniae --- extensively drug-resistant --- molecular typing --- carbapenemases --- Enterobacteriales --- human --- animal --- food --- environment --- carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales --- KPC --- carbapenem --- multidrug resistance --- nosocomial --- Enterobacteriaceae --- ESBL --- resistance genes --- cattle --- blaOXA-48 --- ERIC-PCR --- plasmid profile analysis --- biofilm formation --- PCR-based replicon typing --- antibiotic-resistance --- sequence types --- multilocus sequence typing --- plasmids --- antimicrobial resistance --- carbapenem inactivation method --- carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales --- real-time multiplex PCR --- whole-genome sequencing --- carbapenem-resistance --- Qatar --- CRE --- OXA-48 --- carbapenems resistance --- Gram-negative bacteria --- infection --- colonization --- COVID-19 --- K. pneumoniae --- porins --- ceftazidime/avibactam --- ESKAPE --- healthcare-associated infections --- antimicrobial peptides --- Temporin L --- Klebsiella michiganensis --- Citrobacter farmeri --- KPC-2 --- plasmid --- transposon --- carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) --- outbreak --- infection control --- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) --- multilocus sequence typing (MLST) --- IMP-6 --- porin --- efflux pump --- nosocomial infections --- NDM-1 --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy --- Eazyplex® SuperBug CRE assay --- extended-spectrum beta-lactamases --- gram-negative rods --- LAMP method --- NDM --- VIM --- molecular epidemiology --- PFGE --- Carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales --- IncX-3 --- one health --- water --- colistin susceptibility testing --- broth microdilution --- colistin broth disc elution --- Vitek 2 compact --- rapid polymyxin NP test --- Etest --- ChromID colistin R agar --- micronaut MIC-strip colistin --- population analysis profiling --- Enterobacterales --- neonates --- plasmid-typing --- sequence type --- wastewater --- virulence
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This reprint collates papers from a Special Issue of the journal Antibiotics, which was entitled "Ocular surface Infection and Antimicrobials". The papers cover aspects such as common microbes which cause ocular infections and their susceptibility to antibiotics; how guidelines for antibiotic use can translate to improved patient compliance; how bacteria respond to antibiotics; and lastly, new treatments and ways of preventing ocular surface infections.
Bacteriology (non-medical) --- coagulase-negative staphylococci --- eye infections --- endophthalmitis --- keratitis --- conjunctivitis --- blepharitis --- API Staph --- Biolog --- DNA sequencing --- sodA gene --- antibiotic susceptibility --- bacterial infection --- Serratia marcescens --- transcription factor --- ocular surface --- epithelium --- cornea --- metabolomics --- ocular infection --- predatory bacteria --- Bdellovibrio --- Micavibrio --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Enterobacterales --- infection --- bacteria --- stress response system --- antibiotic --- Staphylococcus aureus --- antibiotic resistance --- biofilms --- antimicrobial peptides --- ciprofloxacin --- combined effect --- microbial keratitis --- corneal infiltrative events --- MPDS susceptibility --- Staphyloccus aureus --- MSSA --- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis --- multilocus sequence typing --- Panton-Valentine leukocidin --- Mel4 peptide --- antimicrobial contact lens --- extended wear --- biocompatibility --- comfort --- clinical trail --- misuse of antibiotics --- orthokeratology --- contact lens --- questionnaire --- contact lenses --- ultraviolet C --- Pseudomonas --- Staphylococcus --- Fusarium --- Candida --- ocular infectious isolates --- whole genome sequencing --- virulence factors --- n/a
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Microbial virulence factors encompass a wide range of molecules produced by pathogenic microorganisms, enhancing their ability to evade their host defenses and cause disease. This broad definition comprises secreted products such as toxins, enzymes, exopolysaccharides, as well as cell surface structures such as capsules, lipopolysaccharides, glyco- and lipoproteins. Intracellular changes in metabolic regulatory networks, governed by protein sensors/regulators and non-coding regulatory RNAs, are also known to contribute to virulence. Furthermore, some secreted microbial products have the ability to enter the host cell and manipulate their machinery, contributing to the success of the infection. The knowledge, at the molecular level, of the biology of microbial pathogens and their virulence factors is central in the development of novel therapeutic molecules and strategies to combat microbial infections. The present collection comprises state of the art research and review papers on virulence factors and mechanisms of a wide range of bacterial and fungal pathogens for humans, animals, and plants, thus reflecting the impact of microorganisms in health and economic human activities, and the importance of the topic.
Aeromonas hydrophila --- LysR-family --- ΔlahS --- global regulator --- virulence --- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum --- SsNsd1 --- compound appressorium --- two-dimensional electrophoresis --- proteomics analysis --- differential expression proteins --- cystic fibrosis --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Burkholderia cepacia complex --- small noncoding regulatory RNAs --- pathogenicity --- usg --- truA --- Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium --- oxidative stress --- intracellular survival --- pathogenomics --- coagulase-negative staphylococci --- virulence factors --- whole genome sequencing --- autotransporter --- covalent labeling --- bacterial surface protein --- SpyCatcher --- topology mapping --- virulence factor --- Candida --- host-pathogen interaction --- biofilm formation --- morphology --- immune evasion --- Trueperella pyogenes --- pyolysin --- infection --- immune response --- Actinomycetales --- Bordetella pertussis --- Hfq --- omics analysis --- T3SS --- serum resistance --- solute-binding proteins --- phytoplasma --- effector protein --- apple --- apple proliferation --- bacteria --- blood–brain barrier --- blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- meningitis --- outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) --- Candida albicans --- antimicrobial peptides --- complement --- interspecies interactions --- inter-kingdom protection --- fungicidal activity --- fluconazole --- hyphae --- antimicrobial peptide --- EDTA --- primary ciliary dyskinesia --- anti-virulence --- sputum --- chronic infection --- Enterobacterales --- Klebsiella --- Enterobacter --- Citrobacter --- antibiotic resistance --- biofilm --- SPATEs --- UTIs --- cytotoxicity --- serine proteases --- 5637 bladder cells --- mucin --- gelatin --- actin --- protease Lon --- Dickeya solani --- plant pathogen --- motility --- type III secretion system --- resistance to stress --- lon expression --- pectinolytic enzymes --- gene expression --- manipulation --- inflammation --- persistence --- replicative niche --- actin proteolysis --- metalloproteinases --- protease ECP 32 --- grimelysin --- protealysin --- bacterial invasion --- microbial virulence factors --- bacterial pathogens --- fungal pathogens
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