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Dates form the backbone of written history. But where do these dates come from? Many different calendars were used in the ancient world. Some of these calendars were based upon observations or calculations of regular astronomical phenomena, such as the first sighting of the new moon crescent that defined the beginning of the month in many calendars, while others incorporated schematic simplifications of these phenomena, such as the 360-day year used in early Mesopotamian administrative practices in order to simplify accounting procedures. Historians frequently use handbooks and tables for conv

Calendars -- History. --- Calendars -- Middle East -- History. --- Calendars --- History --- Astronomy --- Time

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Iconography found in Roman and Byzantine illustrated calendars can be divided into three themes: astrological-astronomical, festive-ritual and rural-seasonal. This volume presents an in-depth study of the connections between the meaning of the iconography of the illustrated calendars and their historical and cultural context.

Calendar, Roman --- Calendars --- Months in art. --- History.

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Devotional calendars --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Christianity --- Christian devotional calendars --- Daily readings (Spiritual exercises) --- Devotional exercises (Daily readings) --- Devotional yearbooks --- Calendars --- Devotional literature --- Bible --- Reading.

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Parents --- Parenting --- Devotional calendars --- Christianity --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Christian devotional calendars --- Daily readings (Spiritual exercises) --- Devotional exercises (Daily readings) --- Devotional yearbooks --- Calendars --- Devotional literature --- Parent behavior --- Parental behavior in humans --- Child rearing --- Parent and child --- Parenthood --- Families --- Religious aspects

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Lunar calendars suffer from an inherent uncertainty in the length of each month and the number of months in the year. Variable atmospheric conditions, weather and the acuity of the eye of an observer mean that the first sighting of the new moon crescent can never be known in advance.

Calendars --- Calendar, Assyro-Babylonian. --- Calendar, Greek. --- Calendar, Egyptian. --- Calendar, Jewish. --- History