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Understanding the Bouguer Anomaly: A Gravimetry Puzzle addresses the geophysical and geodetic applications of gravity field interpretation, taking into account the evaluation of the Bouguer anomaly. Containing several contributions that deal with persistent questions in gravity data processing and providing verified workflows, the book covers historical and practical aspects of the Bouguer anomaly. Geophysicists and exploration geologists will gain advanced knowledge in gravimetry, physical geodesy and an understanding of the evaluation and impact of the Bouguer anomaly in gravity field measurement. Covers multiple aspects of the Bouguer anomaly, including definition, historical developments and evaluation. Provides verified workflows for gravity data processing, which can be applied across research and industry. Organized with a logical flow that begins with a definition, then continues to describe state-of-the-art and advanced approaches to terrain corrections evaluationsIncludes an example of national gravity database organization and re-processing.--

Mathematics. --- Bouguer,

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The author of this history of mankind’s increasingly successful attempts to understand, to measure and to map the Earth’s gravity field (commonly known as ‘little g’ or just ‘g’) has been following in the footsteps of the pioneers, intermittently and with a variety of objectives, for more than fifty years. It is a story that begins with Galileo’s early experiments with pendulums and falling bodies, progresses through the conflicts between Hooke and Newton and culminates in the measurements that are now being made from aircraft and satellites. The spectacular increases in accuracy that have been achieved during this period provide the context, but the main focus is on the people, many of whom were notable eccentrics. Also covered are the reasons WHY these people thought their measurements would be useful, with emphasis in the later chapters on the place of ‘g’ in today’s applied geology, and on the ways in which it is providing new and spectacular visions of our planet. It is also, in part, a personal memoir that explores the parallels between the way fieldwork is being done now and the difficulties that accompanied its execution in the past. Selected topics in the mathematics of ‘g’ are discussed in a series of short Codas.

Gravity --- Measurement. --- Popular works. --- History. --- Geophysics. --- Earth. --- Geology. --- Popular Science. --- Popular Earth Science. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- History of Science. --- Gravimetry --- Physical geography. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Geography --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Natural history --- Double pendulums --- Pendulum --- Measurement --- Bouguer, --- Brahe, Tycho, --- Galilei, Galileo, --- Hooke, Robert, --- Kepler, Johannes, --- Newton, Isaac,

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Gravity interpretation involves inversion of data into models, but it is more. Gravity interpretation is used in a “holistic” sense going beyond “inversion”. Inversion is like optimization within certain a priori assumptions, i.e., all anticipated models lie in a limited domain of the a priori errors. No source should exist outside the anticipated model volume, but that is never literally true. Interpretation goes beyond by taking “outside” possibilities into account in the widest sense. Any neglected possibility carries the danger of seriously affecting the interpretation. Gravity interpretation pertains to wider questions such as the shape of the Earth, the nature of the continental and oceanic crust, isostasy, forces and stresses, geol- ical structure, nding useful resources, climate change, etc. Interpretation is often used synonymously with modelling and inversion of observations toward models. Interpretation places the inversion results into the wider geological or economic context and into the framework of science and humanity. Models play a central role in science. They are images of phenomena of the physical world, for example, scale images or metaphors, enabling the human mind to describe observations and re- tionships by abstract mathematical means. Models served orientation and survival in a complex, partly invisible physical and social environment.

Electronic books. -- local. --- Geological modeling. --- Gravity anomalies. --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic Physics --- Theoretical Astronomy --- Modeling, Geological --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Earth sciences. --- Geology. --- Geophysics. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Models and modelmaking --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Geophysical methods --- Physical geography. --- Geography. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Natural history --- Geography --- Measurement. --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics

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This Special Issue reports research spanning from the analysis of indirect data, modeling, and laboratory and geological data confirming the intrinsic multidisciplinarity of gas hydrate studies. The study areas are (1) Arctic, (2) Brazil, (3) Chile, and (4) the Mediterranean region. The results furnished an important tessera of the knowledge about the relationship of a gas hydrate system with other complex natural phenomena such as climate change, slope stability and earthquakes, and human activities.

ocean acidification --- risk assessment --- modeling --- molecular composition --- ecosystem --- thermogenic gas --- Eastern Mediterranean --- temperature increase --- geohazards --- São Paulo Plateau --- geohazard --- hydrate dissociation --- climate change --- BSR --- thawing --- multidisciplinary --- clathrites --- earthquake --- modelling --- methane cycle --- permafrost --- global change --- methane --- biogenic gas --- salt migration --- subaqueous permafrost --- slope stability --- Chilean margin --- magnetic data --- mantellic source --- active margin --- Arctic shelf --- environmental impact --- Amazon fan --- methane emission --- seismic interpretation --- seep-carbonates --- Bouguer anomaly --- potential methods --- gravimetric data --- methane stability --- northern Apennines --- Santos Basin --- natural gas hydrate --- carbon dioxide --- blue growth --- gas seeps --- seepage --- Chile Triple Junction --- isotopic composition --- gas hydrates --- gas hydrate --- Miocene --- Levant Basin