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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

bladder cancer --- diagnostics --- personalization --- surveillance --- prognostic

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Genitourinary tumors --- microbiome --- Renal cell carcinoma --- prostate cancer --- Bladder cancer --- testicular cancer --- liquid biopsy --- PSMA --- Immunotherapy --- biomarkers

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Urologic cancers are an umbrella term for cancers of the prostate, kidney, bladder, penis, and testis. Routine use of advanced imaging modalities for various reasons has increased the incidental detection of some of these cancers at an early stage. Robot-assisted surgery for nephrectomy, prostatectomy, cystectomy, and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection have improved surgical outcomes of localized disease. The introduction of targeted therapies since 2006 has revolutionized the management of metastatic kidney cancer. Despite these advances, the five-year survival of patients with advanced renal cancer is still poor and we need a better understanding of the disease. The book Urologic Cancers brings together an international team of clinicians and basic scientists to provide an up-to-date overview of a wide spectrum of topics that comprise epidemiological, pathological, clinical, and biological aspects of urologic cancers. From the epidemiological spectrum, the most recent information on the epidemiology of testicular cancer and penile cancer are presented. From the clinical spectrum, the characteristics and management of divergent urothelial neoplasms, the role of surgery in the management of testicular and kidney cancer, biopsy approaches for better detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer, the role of family history and germline genetics in prostate cancer disease profiling and screening, and the need for the implementation of quality assurance programs to improve prostate cancer care discussed. The biological aspects of disease mechanisms focus on various emerging molecular pathways and how these can be targeted to develop novel therapeutics. The contents of the book will be of interest to healthcare professionals, basic scientists and clinicians interested in urologic cancers.

urologic cancers --- prostate cancer --- kidney cancer --- testicular cancer --- bladder cancer --- penile cancer --- Urologic Neoplasms. --- Testicular Neoplasms. --- Penile Neoplasms. --- Kidney Neoplasms. --- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms.

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Clinical management of bladder cancer is challenging of the heterogeneity among bladder tumors with respect to invasion and metastasis, and frequent occurrence of new tumors in the bladder among patients treated with bladder preservation treatments. Treatment of bladder cancer spans from tumor resection and intravesical treatment, to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. At the same time, bladder cancer is also at the forefront of biomarker development because of the ease of developing noninvasive urine tests. The features of environment-driven carcinogenesis and divergent molecular pathways in the development of low- and high-grade tumors provide a unique opportunity for advance molecular research in cancer biology. Bladder Tumors: Molecular Aspects and Clinical Management is a collection of comprehensive reviews on the state-of-the art basic science research and clinical management of bladder cancer. The book progresses from epidemiology of bladder cancer, molecular basis of bladder carcinogenesis, to standard and molecular aspects of bladder cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and also includes various treatment aspects of both non muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. The book features: • Epidemiology, bladder carcinogenesis and divergent molecular pathways of bladder cancer development. • Pathology of bladder tumors, cystoscopy, cytology and newer techniques of bladder cancer diagnosis. • Molecular basis, efficacy and economics of diagnostic and prognostic markers for bladder cancer, with an added feature of recent inventions of molecular nomongrams. • Clinical management of low-grade and non muscle invasive bladder tumors. • Intravesical chemotherapy versus immune (BCG) therapy. • Clinical management of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer, including neoadjuvant therapy, various aspects of cystectomy including urinary diversion and recent advances such as laproscopic cystectomy • Adjuvant chemotherapy for metastatic bladder cancer and management of upper track tumors • Non-transitional cell carcinoma tumors. The book is truly an international effort to bring the latest development in bladder cancer to the readers. The contributing authors, leaders in their respective areas of expertise-related to bladder cancer, were assembled from different parts of the world. Since the editorial team of the book consists of a translational researcher (Vinata B. Lokeshwar) and practicing urologists with expertise in clinical research (Stefan Hautmann and Axel S. Merseburger), it the Editors’ intent to promote an ongoing dialog among researchers and urologists to help reduce morbidity, mortality associated with bladder cancer, while improving the quality of life for patients.

Bladder -- Cancer -- Diagnosis. --- Bladder -- Cancer -- Treatment. --- Bladder -- Cancer. --- Bladder --Tumors. --- Tumor Markers, Biological. --- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms. --- Bladder --- Urologic Neoplasms --- Biological Markers --- Urinary Bladder Diseases --- Urogenital Neoplasms --- Urologic Diseases --- Biological Factors --- Female Urogenital Diseases --- Neoplasms by Site --- Male Urogenital Diseases --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Tumor Markers, Biological --- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms --- Diseases --- Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications --- Neoplasms --- Surgery & Anesthesiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Surgery - General and By Type --- Tumors --- Tumors. --- Diseases. --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Cancer research --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Physiological effect --- Oncology. --- Toxicology. --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology

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Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary malignancy, with 81,190 estimated new diagnoses in 2018, in the United States alone. Transurethral resection of the bladder and radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection constitute the standard treatment for non-muscle invasive or very high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, respectively. However, survival expectations have not shown to improve in the last 20 years, and new diagnostic and therapeutic tools are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of this potentially lethal disease.

bladder cancer --- robotic-assisted --- open --- radical cystectomy --- survival --- propensity score --- age --- urothelial carcinoma --- outcome --- anesthesia recovery periods --- cognitive impairment --- gamma-cyclodextrins --- neuromuscular blockade --- robotic radical cystectomy --- glycogen --- clear-cell adenocarcinoma --- urinary bladder --- SEER program database --- female --- intracorporeal neobladder --- outcomes --- robotic --- sex-sparing --- methylation --- biomarkers --- FOXA1 --- GATA3 --- KRT20 --- molecular markers --- mRNA --- muscle-invasive bladder cancer --- PCR --- human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 --- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase --- programmed death ligand-1 --- immunotherapy --- nodal disease --- pN1 --- neoadjuvant --- adjuvant --- chemotherapy --- n/a