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Pumped storage technology is a large-scale, efficient, flexible and clean energy storage technology. The core of it is the design of pumped storage units, which involves the operation and flow characteristics of vane hydraulic machinery under pump and turbine modes, as well as the complex flow conditions of the upstream and downstream flow channels of the units. With this as the background, this book expounds on the relevant problems and their solutions, providing a scientific basis for the development of pumped storage technology. I hope this book can provide as a useful reference for readers.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- tip clearance --- vertical axial flow pump --- whole channel numerical simulation --- pressure pulsation --- leakage vortex --- bulb tubular pump --- numerical simulation --- adjusting speed --- transition process --- pressure fluctuation --- pump turbine --- flow energy loss --- flow–head stability --- guide vane opening --- V-inclined pipe --- sand transport --- critical velocity --- flow pattern --- orthogonal test method --- lateral intake --- CFD numerical simulation --- diversion pier --- prefabricated pumping station --- centrifugal pump --- energy characteristics --- internal flow field --- test --- integrated pump gate --- inlet channel --- outlet channel --- hydraulic performance --- “S” shaped airfoil --- bidirectional axial flow pump --- axial flow pumps --- energy --- cavitation --- numerical calculation --- Francis turbine --- sediment erosion --- clearance --- CFD --- n/a --- flow-head stability --- "S" shaped airfoil

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The design and development of water turbines requires accurate methods for performance prediction. Numerical methods and modelling are becoming increasingly important tools to achieve better designs and more efficient turbines, reducing the time required in physical model testing. This book is focused on applying numerical simulations and models for water turbines to predict tool their performance. In this Special Issue, the different contributions of this book are classified into three state-of-the-art Topics: discussing the modelling of pump-turbines, the simulation of horizontal and vertical axis turbines for hydrokinetic applications and the modelling of hydropower plants. All the contributions to this book demonstrate the importance of the modelling and simulation of water turbines for hydropower energy. This new generation of models and simulations will play a major role in the global energy transition and energy crisis, and, of course, in the mitigation of climate change.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- tip leakage flow --- tubular turbine --- clearance discipline --- numerical calculation --- biological --- flap --- hydrodynamic performance --- stall --- CFD --- Computational Fluid Dynamics --- vertical axis water turbine --- overset mesh --- sliding mesh --- design Archimedes screw hydropower plant --- quick estimation method --- Archimedean screw --- fish safe/friendly --- multi-ASG --- hydropower plant --- hydro power plant --- small/micro/pico/low head hydro power plant --- computational fluid dynamics --- volume of fluid --- transition SST k-ω turbulence model --- wake --- fault diagnostics --- model-based fault detection --- fault tolerance --- fuzzy control --- hydrokinetic --- backwater --- inland hydrokinetic --- axial flow turbines --- multiphase pump --- integrated design --- Sparse Grid method --- numerical analysis --- flow field characteristics --- reversible water turbines --- guide vane profile change --- draft tube vortex belt --- pressure pulsation --- energy recovery factor --- pump-turbine --- entropy production --- vorticity --- energy loss --- numerical simulation --- n/a

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The demand for computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based numerical techniques is increasing rapidly with the development of the computing power system. These advanced CFD techniques are applicable to various issues in the industrial engineering fields and especially contribute to the design of fluid machinery and fluid devices, which have very complicated unsteady flow phenomena and physics. In other words, to aid the rapid development of CFD techniques, the performances of fluid machinery and fluid devices with complicated unsteady flows have been enhanced significantly. In addition, many persistently troublesome problems of fluid machinery and fluid devices such as flow instability, rotor–stator interaction, surging, cavitation, vibration, and noise are solved clearly using advanced CFD techniques.This Special Issue on “CFD-Based Research and Applications for Fluid Machinery and Fluid Devices” aims to present recent novel research trends based on advanced CFD techniques for fluid machinery and fluid devices. The following topics, among others, are included in this issue:- CFD techniques and applications in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Unsteady and transient phenomena in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Pumps, fans, compressors, hydraulic turbines, pump turbines, valves, etc.

centrifugal fan --- noise characteristics --- power consumption --- negative pressure --- sound pressure --- mechanical seal --- dynamic characteristics --- extrusion fault --- numerical simulation --- sealing performance --- fluent --- inducer --- step casing --- varying pitch --- cavitating flow and instabilities --- partial similarity principle --- flow similarity --- stability improvement --- multi-condition optimization --- cavitation performance --- artificial neural networks (ANN) --- net positive suction head (NPSH) --- double suction --- cascade --- aerodynamic --- parameterization --- plane cascade design --- incidence angle --- PSO-MVFSA --- optimization --- two-vane pump --- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) --- machine learning --- energy recovery --- pump as turbine --- vortex --- hydraulic losses --- pressure fluctuation --- transient characteristics --- centrifugal pump --- startup period --- solar air heater --- ribs --- Nusselt number --- friction factor --- Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations --- thrust coefficient --- power coefficient --- figure of merit --- frozen rotor --- UAV --- octorotor SUAV --- aerodynamic performance --- rotor spacing --- hover --- CFD --- vortices distribution --- shape optimization --- Francis turbine --- fixed flow passage --- flow uniformity --- blade outlet angle --- Sirocco fan --- URANS --- volute tongue radius --- internal flow --- noise --- film cooling --- large eddy simulation --- triple holes --- blowing ratio --- adiabatic film-cooling effectiveness --- proper orthogonal decomposition --- axial compressor --- tip clearance --- flow field --- clearance --- flow function --- gas turbine --- leakage --- pressure ratio --- stepped labyrinth seal --- axial-flow pump --- root clearance radius --- computational fluid dynamics --- entropy production --- energy dissipation --- vortex pump --- lateral cavity --- open-design --- spiral flow --- reactor coolant pump (RCP) --- waviness --- leakage rate --- liquid film --- axial fan --- reversible --- jet --- design --- thrust --- energy characteristics --- mixing --- pitched blade turbine --- impeller --- inverse design method --- matching optimization --- diffuser --- small hydropower --- tubular turbine --- fish farm --- performance test --- design factors --- optimum model --- the mixed free-surface-pressurized flow --- characteristic implicit method --- relative roughness --- vent holes --- optimization control --- microchannel heat sink --- wavy microchannel --- groove --- heat transfer performance --- laminar flow --- multi-objective optimization --- LHS --- full factorial methods --- pump-turbine --- dynamic stress --- start-up process --- vortex generator (VG) --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- cell-set model --- RANS --- LES --- multistage centrifugal pump --- double-suction impeller --- twin-volute --- inducer-type guide vane --- trailing edge flap (TEF) --- trailing edge flap with Micro-Tab --- deflection angle of the flap (αF) --- n/a --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations