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This thesis offers the first laboratory validation of microscopic simulations of radio emission from particle showers, including a detailed description of the simulation study. It presents a potential future avenue for resolving the mass composition of cosmic rays via radio detection of air showers.  Particle showers are created from cascading interactions when high-energy particles collide with matter, e.g. with air in the case of cosmic radiation, or with a particle detector in the case of experiments at CERN. These showers can consist of billions of particles, mostly electrons, positrons and photons. They emit radio waves when the absorbing medium is in a magnetic field, and this radio emission can be used as a novel means of detecting and drawing inferences on the shower and the primary particle. The new method is currently being established in cosmic ray research, where large antenna arrays may soon replace or complement traditional particle detectors.  In thi s study, a complete microscopic simulation of a radio-emission experiment conducted at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Stanford/USA, is performed, and the underlying physical models are validated. The model is subsequently applied to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, which is a large interferometer for radio astronomy. It is demonstrated that the SKA, with some modifications, might also be used for cosmic ray research based on radio detection of high-energy particles from the cosmos.

Radio astronomy. --- Cosmic ray showers. --- Antenna arrays. --- Arrays, Antenna --- Auger showers --- Cosmic showers --- EAS (Cosmic rays) --- Extensive air showers --- Showers, Auger --- Showers, Cosmic --- Showers, Extensive air --- Radioastronomy --- Physics. --- Astrophysics. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Antennas (Electronics) --- Large space structures (Astronautics) --- Cosmic rays --- Pair production --- Astronomy --- Interstellar communication --- Measurement   . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics

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The Auger effect must be interpreted as the radiationless counterpart of photoionization and is usually described within a two-step model. Angle and spin resolved Auger emission physics deals with the theoretical and numerical description, analysis and interpretation of such types of experiments on free atoms and molecules. This monograph derives the general theory applying the density matrix formalism and, in terms of irreducible tensorial sets, so called state multipoles and order parameters, for parameterizing the atomic and molecular systems, respectively. Propensity rules and non-linear dependencies between the angular distribution and spin polarization parameters are included in the discussion. The numerical approaches utilizing relativistic distorted wave (RDWA), multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock (MCDF), and Greens operator methods are described. These methods are discussed and applied to theoretical predictions, numerical results and experimental data for a variety of atomic systems, especially the rare gases, and to simple molecules. The book was written for graduate and post-graduate students and researchers working in this field and/or trying to get a closer insight into the theoretical description of multistep scattering processes in atomic and molecular physics.

Auger effect. --- Auger effect --- Physics --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Atomic Physics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Materials --- Analysis. --- Auger spectroscopy --- Auto-ionization --- Autoionization --- Physics. --- Atoms. --- Atomic structure. --- Molecular structure. --- Spectra. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Thin films. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Surfaces. --- Surface phenomena --- Friction --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Tribology --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Surface chemistry --- Structure, Molecular --- Chemical structure --- Structural bioinformatics --- Structure, Atomic --- Atomic theory --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Surfaces --- Qualitative --- Constitution --- Electrons --- Internal conversion (Nuclear physics) --- Ionization --- Nuclear physics --- X-rays --- Scanning Auger electron microscopy --- Atomic structure  . --- Molecular structure . --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Materials—Surfaces. --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry

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This book offers a comprehensive introduction to electron-based bioscience, biotechnology, and biocorrosion. It both explains the importance of electron flow during metabolic processes in microorganisms and provides valuable insights into emerging applications in various fields. In the opening section, readers will find up-to-date information on topics such as electron transfer reactions, extracellular electron transfer mechanisms, direct interspecies electron transfer, and electron uptake by sulfate-reducing bacteria. The focus then shifts to state-of-the-art advances and applications in the field of biotechnology. Here, the coverage encompasses e.g. progress in understanding electrochemical interactions between microorganisms and conductive particles, enzymatic reactions and their application in the bioproduction of useful chemicals, and the importance of redox balance for fatty acid production. In closing, the book addresses various aspects of the complex phenomenon of microbiologically induced corrosion, highlighting novel insights from the fields of electromicrobiology and electrochemistry and their implications. .

Biomedical engineering. --- Biochemistry. --- Microbiology. --- Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Composition --- Biotechnology. --- Charge exchange. --- Electrons. --- Corpuscular theory of matter --- Atoms --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Matter --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Cathode rays --- Ions --- Positrons --- Electron transfer --- Exchange, Charge --- Transfer, Electron --- Charge transfer --- Collisions (Nuclear physics) --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Constitution --- Electrons --- Biotecnologia --- Biologia --- Enginyeria --- Antropometria --- Biosíntesi --- Biotecnologia agrícola --- Biotecnologia alimentària --- Biotecnologia farmacèutica --- Biotecnologia marina --- Biotecnologia microbiana --- Enginyeria bioquímica --- Enginyeria sanitària --- Ergonomia --- Indústries biotecnològiques --- Microbiologia industrial --- Reproducció assistida --- Bioreactors --- Àtoms --- Col·lisions (Física nuclear) --- Constitució de la matèria --- Electricitat --- Radioactivitat --- Conversions internes (Física nuclear) --- Efecte Auger --- Electrònica --- Fotoelectricitat --- Fotoelectrons --- Gas d'electrons --- Interaccions electró-positró --- Orbitals atòmics --- Plasma (Gasos ionitzats) --- Raigs beta --- Teoria de banda d'energia dels sòlids --- Transferència de càrrega --- Transport d'electrons --- Orbitals moleculars --- Neutrons --- Protons --- Raigs catòdics --- Teoria electromagnètica

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A total of 30 articles have been published in this special issue, and it consists of 27 research papers, 2 technical notes, and 1 review paper. A total of 104 authors from 9 countries including Korea, Spain, Taiwan, USA, Finland, China, Slovenia, the Netherlands, and Germany participated in writing and submitting very excellent papers that were finally published after the review process had been conducted according to very strict standards. Among the published papers, 13 papers directly addressed words such as sustainable, life cycle assessment (LCA) and CO2, and 17 papers indirectly dealt with energy and CO2 reduction effects. Among the published papers, there are 6 papers dealing with construction technology, but a majority, 24 papers deal with management techniques. The authors of the published papers used various analysis techniques to obtain the suggested solutions for each topic. Listed by key techniques, various techniques such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the Taguchi method, machine learning including Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), regression analysis, Strength–Weakness–Opportunity–Threat (SWOT), system dynamics, simulation and modeling, Building Information Model (BIM) with schedule, and graph and data analysis after experiments and observations are identified.

circular foundation pit --- construction monitoring --- numerical simulation --- underground continuous wall --- reinforced concrete --- precast concrete double wall --- retaining wall --- lateral pressure --- lateral bending --- settlement --- artificial neural network --- liquefaction --- building information modeling --- drone --- LIDAR --- point cloud --- progress tracking --- school buildings --- system dynamics --- deterioration --- rehabilitation --- lifecycle cost analysis --- budget allocation --- natural disaster --- risk management --- accommodations --- operations and maintenance --- lifecycle cost --- disaster management --- inter-floor noise --- multi-dwelling houses --- smartphone application --- real-time monitoring system --- agent-based simulation --- space service quality --- efficient operation --- musculoskeletal disorders --- construction workers --- muscle stress --- standard Nordic questionnaire --- awkward posture --- simulation --- rebar work --- cutting waste --- minimization --- sustainable construction --- CO2 emission --- cutting stock problem --- 5D building information modeling --- agile project organization --- schedule/cost reliability --- degree of protection --- impact damage --- blast wave --- sustainable design consideration --- elasto-plastic design --- climate change --- typhoon --- catastrophe model --- typhoon vulnerability function --- risk analysis --- air permeability --- watertightness --- airtightness --- infiltration --- aluminium window frames --- natural hazard --- power system failure --- in-situ production --- environmental loads --- CO2 emission reduction --- life cycle assessment --- optimization model --- elevator --- noise --- vibration --- construction management --- high-rise residential building --- free-form building --- free-form concrete panel --- aluminum powder --- composite PCM mold --- social capital --- living environment --- living infrastructure --- soft infrastructure --- living social overhead capital --- inclusive growth --- inclusive city --- sustainable construction management --- tower crane accident reduction --- priority of tower crane accident causes --- sustainable development --- global sustainability --- scientific infrastructures --- Post-COVID-19 Scenario --- modeling --- building stock development --- mortality of building stock --- residential buildings --- public buildings --- commercial buildings --- paper sludge ash --- deinking sludge --- paper industry --- backfill material --- occupational safety and health expenses --- construction safety --- safety cost expenditures --- apartment construction --- ground beam --- LCA --- prefabrication --- vibro-pile --- eurocode --- precast prestressed concrete pile --- continuous flight auger pile --- eco-costs --- economic --- LCA (life cycle assessment) --- earth-retaining wall --- excavation --- environment load --- environment cost --- bid price volatility --- uncertainty in bid documents --- pre-bid clarification document --- machine learning (ML), classification model --- public project --- sustainable project management --- stone sludge --- lightweight aggregates --- controlled low-strength materials --- Taguchi method --- rebar cutting waste --- optimization --- structural work --- systematic literature review --- management performance evaluation indicators (MAPEIs) for small construction firms --- AHP --- key performance indicators (KPIs) --- corporation management --- small construction firms --- n/a