Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In this exploration of the nature of occupation, Eric Carlton concentrates on the complex relationship between military authority and civilian population and explores the methods used by dominant powers ot maintain their authority. Drawing from a wide range of case studies, including examinations of British colonial interests in India and the Nazi atrocities of the Second World War, Dr Carlton assesses the nature of social control and the effect of ideology on the exercising of power, and considers the moral aspects of military repression.

Military government --- Military occupation --- Colonies --- Colonial administration --- Public administration --- Belligerent occupation --- De facto doctrine (International law) --- Occupation, Military --- Occupied territory --- Armed Forces in foreign countries --- War (International law) --- Conquest, Right of --- Military rule --- Civil-military relations --- History. --- Administration.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The customary law of belligerent occupation goes back to the Hague and Geneva Conventions. Recent instances of such occupation include Iraq, the former Yugoslavia, the Congo and Eritrea. But the paradigmatic illustration is the Israeli occupation, lasting for over 40 years. There is now case law of the International Court of Justice and other judicial bodies, both international and domestic. There are Security Council resolutions and a vast literature. Still, numerous controversial points remain. How is belligerent occupation defined? How is it started and when is it terminated? What is the interaction with human rights law? Who is protected under belligerent occupation, and what is the scope of the protection? Conversely, what measures can an occupying power lawfully resort to when encountering forcible resistance from inhabitants of the occupied territory? This book examines the legislative, judicial and executive rights of the occupying power and its obligations to the civilian population.

Military occupation. --- War (International law) --- Hostilities --- International law --- Neutrality --- Belligerent occupation --- De facto doctrine (International law) --- Occupation, Military --- Occupied territory --- Armed Forces in foreign countries --- Conquest, Right of --- Military government --- Law --- General and Others

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Few would contest that the U.S. occupation of Iraq is a clear example of just how fraught a military occupation can become. In Occupational Hazards, David M. Edelstein elucidates the occasional successes of military occupations and their more frequent failures. Edelstein has identified twenty-six cases since 1815 in which an outside power seized control of a territory where the occupying party had no long-term claim on sovereignty.In a book that has implications for present-day policy, he draws evidence from such historical cases as well as from four current occupations-Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq-where the outcome is not yet known. Occupation is difficult, in Edelstein's view, because ambitious goals require considerable time and resources, yet both the occupied population and the occupying power want occupation to end quickly and inexpensively; in drawn-out occupations, impatience grows and resources dwindle.This combination sabotages the occupying power's ability to accomplish two tasks: convince an occupied population to suppress its nationalist desires and sustain its own commitment to the occupation. Structural conditions and strategic choices play crucial roles in the success or failure of an occupation. In describing those factors, Edelstein prescribes a course of action for the future.

Military occupation --- History & Archaeology --- History - General --- Military occupation. --- United States --- Armed Forces --- Occupation militaire --- États-Unis --- Forces armées à l'étranger --- Belligerent occupation --- De facto doctrine (International law) --- Occupation, Military --- Occupied territory --- Armed Forces in foreign countries --- War (International law) --- Conquest, Right of --- Military government

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Can foreign invaders successfully exploit industrial economies? Since control over economic resources is a key source of power, the answer affects the likelihood of aggression and how strenuously states should counter it. The resurgence of nationalism has led many policymakers and scholars to doubt that conquest still pays. But, until now, the "cumulativity" of industrial resources has never been subjected to systematic analysis. Does Conquest Pay? demonstrates that expansion can, in fact, provide rewards to aggressor nations. Peter Liberman argues that invaders can exploit industrial societies for short periods of time and can maintain control and economic performance over the long term. This is because modern societies are uniquely vulnerable to coercion and repression. Hence, by wielding a gun in one hand and offering food with the other, determined conquerors can compel collaboration and suppress resistance. Liberman's argument is supported by several historical case studies: Germany's capture of Belgium and Luxembourg during World War I and of nearly all of Europe during World War II; France's seizure of the Ruhr in 1923-24; the Japanese Empire during 1910-45; and Soviet hegemony over Eastern Europe in 1945-89. Does Conquest Pay? suggests that the international system is more war-prone than many optimists claim. Liberman's findings also contribute to debates about the stability of empires and other authoritarian regimes, the effectiveness of national resistance strategies, and the sources of rebellious collective action.

Occupation militaire --- Biens ennemis --- Military occupation --- Belligerent occupation --- De facto doctrine (International law) --- Occupation, Military --- Occupied territory --- Armed Forces in foreign countries --- War (International law) --- Conquest, Right of --- Military government --- Economic aspects --- Case studies. --- Economic aspects. --- Enemy property --- Aspect économique --- Case studies --- Military occupation - Economic aspects. --- Military occupation - Economic aspects - Case studies.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Codified in the 1899 & 1907 Hague Peace Conferences & later modified by the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention, the international law of occupation has been challenged by advocates of human rights & self-determination, & tested on numerous occasions, most recently in Iraq.

Military occupation. --- Belligerent occupation --- De facto doctrine (International law) --- Occupation, Military --- Occupied territory --- Armed Forces in foreign countries --- War (International law) --- Conquest, Right of --- Military government --- Military occupation --- International law. --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Occupation --- International law