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This book was written for researchers and engineers working with aerial and underwater acoustics. It examines the interactions of acoustic waves with obstacles that may be rigid, soft, elastic, or characterized by an impedance boundary condition. The approach is founded on asymptotic high-frequency diffraction methods based on the concept of rays. Despite the progress in the field of numerical methods for diffraction problems, ray methods remain the most useful approximate methods for analyzing wave motions. Ray methods provide considerable physical insight into diffraction mechanisms and allow for the analytic treatment of objects that are still too large in terms of wavelength to be solved in the realm of numerical methods.

Sound-waves --- Vibration --- Waves --- Diffraction --- Mathematical models. --- Aerial acoustics --- Underwater acoustics --- Asymptotic expansions --- Acoustic waves --- Impedance boundary conditions --- Canonical problems --- Creeping waves --- Elastic surface waves --- Whispering gallery modes --- Maliuzhinets's diffraction coefficient --- Uniform asymptotic theory --- Field near a caustic --- Hybrid diffraction coefficients

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In the field of magnetic sensing, a wide variety of different magnetometer and gradiometer sensor types, as well as the corresponding read-out concepts, are available. Well-established sensor concepts such as Hall sensors and magnetoresistive sensors based on giant magnetoresistances (and many more) have been researched for decades. The development of these types of sensors has reached maturity in many aspects (e.g., performance metrics, reliability, and physical understanding), and these types of sensors are established in a large variety of industrial applications. Magnetic sensors based on the magnetoelectric effect are a relatively new type of magnetic sensor. The potential of magnetoelectric sensors has not yet been fully investigated. Especially in biomedical applications, magnetoelectric sensors show several advantages compared to other concepts for their ability, for example, to operate in magnetically unshielded environments and the absence of required cooling or heating systems. In recent years, research has focused on understanding the different aspects influencing the performance of magnetoelectric sensors. At Kiel University, Germany, the Collaborative Research Center 1261 “Magnetoelectric Sensors: From Composite Materials to Biomagnetic Diagnostics”, funded by the German Research Foundation, has dedicated its work to establishing a fundamental understanding of magnetoelectric sensors and their performance parameters, pushing the performance of magnetoelectric sensors to the limits and establishing full magnetoelectric sensor systems in biological and clinical practice.

delta-E effect --- magnetoelectric --- magnetoelastic --- resonator --- torsion mode --- bending mode --- magnetic modeling --- MEMS --- FEM --- magnetoelectric sensor --- SQUID --- MEG --- deep brain stimulation (DBS) --- directional DBS electrode --- magnetic field measurement --- electrode localization --- rotational orientation detection --- Barkhausen noise --- delay line sensor --- Flicker noise --- Kerr microscopy --- magnetic domain networks --- magnetic field sensor --- magnetic noise --- magnetoelastic delta-E effect --- phase noise --- surface acoustic wave --- localization --- magnetoelectric sensors --- real time --- pose estimation --- magnetoactive elastomer --- piezoelectric polymer --- laminated structure --- cantilever --- direct magnetoelectric effect --- public understanding/outreach --- ME sensors --- medical sensing --- biomagnetic sensing --- interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary --- magnetometer --- sensor array --- exchange bias --- motion tracking --- artificial fields --- surface acoustic waves --- surface acoustic wave sensor --- current sensor --- magnetostriction --- AlScN --- FeCoSiB --- thin film --- magnetron sputter deposition --- ERDA --- XRD --- film stress --- magnetic properties --- magnetic domains --- SAW --- magnetic nanoparticle --- imaging --- inverse problem --- blind deconvolution --- application specific signal evaluation --- quantitative sensor system characterization --- sensor system performance