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A chromatic confocal 3D sensor is proposed. In contrast to the state of the art, which typically uses spectrometers to measure the wavelength, only a few camera channels are used. Each channel has an unique spectral sensitivity ant the optimization of the sensitivity is the main part of the book. Interference filters are optimized for the technical realization.

Interferrenzfilter chromatisch konfokal 3D Messtechnik --- interference filter chromatic confocal 3D

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The integration of endless fiber reinforced composites in additive manufacturing enables the automated production of materials with high mechanical properties such as strength. The current state of the art utilizing print heads with separate fiber and matrix feeds showed that, without active infiltration, the fiber infiltration is poor or not possible for thermoplastics with low flowability (high viscosity). In this work, the improvement of the print head technology and the investigated infiltration effect lead to a significantly higher infiltration. The material selection of thermoplastic matrix (PA6) and fiber reinforcement (carbon fiber) were adjusted for the new process parameters. The selection of the fiber matrix combination was conducted using the interfacial tension calculations at room temperature. The polar and dispersive surface energy of two different carbon fibers as well as the wetting of PA6 polymer melts on carbon fibers and on aluminum carriers were investigated. The calculation of composite properties using material data of the matrix and fiber was used to determine the process windows for specific parameters such as layer height, layer width and nozzle size. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and the cost of the composite can be determined in relationship with the materials used and the fiber volume content. The composition of the fiber sizing and the influence of high processing temperatures was characterized using TGA, FTIR spectroscopy and XPS analysis. The processing parameters and rheological behavior of PA6 thermoplastic resins and mixtures were investigated, and a mixture of 75 wt.% Ultramid B3k and wt.25% of Ultramid B50l from BASF was used for the composite fabrication by material extrusion. The optimization of the extrusion process enables the production of filaments with higher flowability (low zero viscosity), with the fiber infiltration improved by the adjusted rheological behavior. Samples for mechanical and optical analysis were fabricated using the self developed print head and three different types of carbon fibers. Three point bending properties were investigated as a function of layer height and printing temperature; tensile properties of single composite strands fabricated with different printing temperatures and multilayer composite were also characterized. The fiber volume content and the porosity were evaluated in crosssectional analyses. The investigated material combinations, optimization of process parameters and the fiber roving infiltration effect in the print head leads to higher mechanical properties and lower porosity in the composite.

additive manufacturing; 3D printing; composite

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3D printing has revolutionized the microfabrication prototyping workflow over the past few years. With the recent improvements in 3D printing technologies, highly complex microfluidic devices can be fabricated via single-step, rapid, and cost-effective protocols as a promising alternative to the time consuming, costly and sophisticated traditional cleanroom fabrication. Microfluidic devices have enabled a wide range of biochemical and clinical applications, such as cancer screening, micro-physiological system engineering, high-throughput drug testing, and point-of-care diagnostics. Using 3D printing fabrication technologies, alteration of the design features is significantly easier than traditional fabrication, enabling agile iterative design and facilitating rapid prototyping. This can make microfluidic technology more accessible to researchers in various fields and accelerates innovation in the field of microfluidics. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on novel methodological developments in 3D printing and its use for various biochemical and biomedical applications.

Polymerization --- Cytotoxicity --- 3D printing --- Microfluidics --- Photochemistry

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Dit leuke en praktische werkboek, voorzien van veel voorbeelden en illustraties, laat kinderen in de leeftijdsgroep van 8 tot 14 jaar zien hoe je zelf driedimensionale tekeningen maakt. Je kruipt als maker in je eigen 3D-bouwsels. De meeste tekenprogramma's die je kent zijn tweedimensionaal. Je kunt er een tekening in maken, maar het blijft plat. SketchUp verandert je platte tekening in een 3D-tekening. Simpel gezegd betekent het dit: je tekent een vierkant en SketchUp maakt er een kubus van. Daarvoor heeft SketchUp speciale gereedschappen. Vanuit dit idee kun je hutten bouwen, huizen metselen, meubels timmeren, een zwembad in de tuin graven en ga zo maar door. Dit is het principe van SketchUp: alles is 3D. Er gaat een wereld voor je open als je met SketchUp werkt. Een echte, levende wereld, maar je moet natuurlijk wel met het programma leren werken. In dit boek leer je er alles over.

Mediaopvoeding --- Tekenen --- 3D-tekenen --- 477.9

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Durch Weiterentwicklung der auf dem Verfahren des Mikrothermoformens basierenden SMART-Technologie werden Prototypen funktionalisierter, dreidimensionaler Zellkulturträger hergestellt. Diese ermöglichen es, den Einfluss verschiedener Faktoren auf das Verhalten von Zellen zu analysieren. Neben der Erzeugung komplexer Topographien wird eine Immobilisierung biochemischer Faktoren auf den Strukturen gezeigt. Desweiteren wird ein mit Hilfe von UV-Lithographie hergestelltes Werkzeug vorgestellt.

Mikrostrukturtechnik --- 3D Zellkultur --- SMART-Technologie --- Mikrothermoformen