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Depuis le xiie siècle, les ordres politiques en Europe se sont construits autour d’une notion d’État de droit qui s’est articulée différemment selon les époques et les systèmes juridiques. Au-delà des particularismes, l’histoire comparative du droit et le droit comparé permettent de dégager une culture juridique partagée. Au Moyen Âge, la tradition juridique des universités a servi à créer un instrument de « police et justice » tendant vers l’idéal du « bon gouvernement ». À toutes les époques, le droit a maintenu ce rôle irréductible garantissant que toute décision politique se mesure à un étalon de justice. Quelle que soit la construction européenne envisagée, la question de l’État de droit au service d’une politique efficace et juste est essentielle. L’idéal du droit européen et ce qui constitue son histoire reflètent cette recomposition sans cesse renouvelée.

Law (General) --- Europe --- État de droit --- droit --- droit européen --- droit comparé --- histoire du droit

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Sentencing and Human Rights develops a systematic account of the importance of human rights principles at sentencing stage. It examines how principles of legality, proportionality, equality, and judicial responsibility may be expected to limit sentencing practices and suggests that the concept of state punishment needs to be reconsidered.

Human rights. --- Sentences (Criminal procedure) --- human rights. --- criminal law. --- penalty. --- rule of law. --- legality. --- ligjshmëri --- zakonitost --- legalità --- νομιμότητα --- legalitate --- законитост --- legalidad --- legalidade --- legaliteit --- lagenlighet --- законност --- légalité --- dlíthiúlacht --- legalitet --- törvényesség --- zákonnost --- atitiktis įstatymams --- likumība --- praworządność --- õiguspärasus --- laillisuus --- zákonnosť --- Legalität --- principio di legalità --- jogszerűség --- ilegalidad --- Gesetzmäßigkeit --- illegalità --- illegaliteit --- törvénytelenség --- Gesetzwidrigkeit --- Illegalität --- illegalitet --- laittomuus --- törvényellenesség --- nelikumība --- legalita --- nezakonitost --- nelegalumas --- lagstridighet --- neteisėtumas --- Gesetzlichkeit --- nezákonnost --- легалитет --- jogtalanság --- paligjshmëri --- illegality --- illégalité --- незаконитост --- legalnost --- ilegalitate --- ilegalidade --- legalumas --- nezákonnosť --- законска оправданост --- olaglighet --- legálnost --- seaduslikkus --- παρανομία --- illegaalsus --- владеење на правото --- Estado de Direito --- teisinė valstybė --- rechtsstaat --- jogállamiság --- État de droit --- stat de drept --- Estado de Derecho --- právní stát --- państwo prawne --- Rechtsstaat --- stat tad-dritt --- õigusriik --- oikeusvaltio --- vladavina prava --- Stato di diritto --- shtet i së drejtës --- κράτος δικαίου --- retsstat --- владавина права --- правова държава --- právny štát --- smacht reachta --- pravna država --- rättsstat --- tiesiskums --- правна држава --- jogállam --- kaznena sankcija --- kazenska sankcija --- piena --- pionós --- karistus --- büntetés --- strafsanctie --- trestná sankcia --- pedepse --- trestní sankce --- sanção penal --- sanción penal --- Strafmaßnahme --- strafferetlig sanktion --- ποινική κύρωση --- påföljd --- masë ndëshkimore --- sanction pénale --- kara --- казна --- sanzione penale --- bausmė --- seuraamus --- наказание --- sods --- pamatsods --- sentence --- trest --- domfældelse --- rangaistus --- osuda --- condena --- condenação --- kazna --- sentință --- Verurteilung --- süüdimõistmine --- ποινή --- dënim --- straff --- straf --- kaznena mjera --- fällande dom --- nuosprendis --- condamnation --- kriminālsods --- condanna --- brottspåföljd --- кривична санкција --- druhy trestu --- punishment --- kažnjavanje --- tuomio --- veroordeling --- καταδίκη --- pena --- peine --- kaznenopravna sankcija --- potrestání --- papildsods --- szankció --- казнени мерки --- sunnivahend --- büntetőítélet --- potrestanie --- trestné právo --- prawo karne --- baudžiamoji teisė --- diritto penale --- наказателно право --- büntetőjog --- dlí coiriúil --- kriminaalõigus --- droit pénal --- kazensko pravo --- Strafrecht --- drept penal --- strafrecht --- Derecho penal --- strafferet --- krimināllikums --- dritt kriminali --- straffrätt --- kazneno pravo --- ποινικό δίκαιο --- direito penal --- кривично право --- e drejtë penale --- trestní právo --- rikosoikeus --- кривичен закон --- казнено право --- krimināltiesības --- kriminaalkoodeks --- trestní právo hmotné --- criminal code --- trestný kódex --- diritto criminale --- direito criminal --- kriminalret --- droit criminel --- crimineel recht --- karistusõigus --- Derecho criminal --- človekove pravice --- droits de l'homme --- derechos humanos --- ľudské práva --- prawa człowieka --- ljudska prava --- δικαιώματα του ανθρώπου --- човешки права --- inimõigused --- cilvēktiesības --- rechten van de mens --- lidská práva --- cearta an duine --- ihmisoikeudet --- direitos humanos --- људска права --- emberi jogok --- menneskerettigheder --- човекови права --- drittijiet tal-bniedem --- mänskliga rättigheter --- žmogaus teisės --- të drejtat e njeriut --- diritti umani --- drepturile omului --- Menschenrechte --- kršenje ljudskih prava --- Verletzung der Menschenrechte --- diritti fondamentali dell'uomo --- Verteidigung der Menschenrechte --- nezadatelná práva --- ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα --- nepromlčitelná práva --- pasikėsinimas į žmogaus teises --- фундаментални слободи и права на човекот и граѓанинот --- zaštita ljudskih prava --- porušování lidských práv --- atentado a los derechos humanos --- Schutz der Menschenrechte --- mbrojtje e të drejtave të njeriut --- krænkelse af menneskerettighederne --- cilvēktiesību apdraudējums --- παραβίαση των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου --- violarea drepturilor omului --- aantasting van de rechten van de mens --- porušenie ľudských práv --- Beeinträchtigung der Menschenrechte --- mensenrechten --- emberi jogok védelme --- emberi jogok megsértése --- kränkning av mänskliga rättigheter --- atteinte aux droits de l'homme --- útok na ľudské práva --- ihmisoikeusloukkaus --- προσβολή των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου --- attack on human rights --- protección de los derechos humanos --- cilvēktiesību aizsardzība --- bescherming van de rechten van de mens --- salvaguardia dei diritti dell'uomo --- proteção dos direitos humanos --- tilsidesættelse af menneskerettighederne --- ihmisoikeuksien suojelu --- protezione dei diritti umani --- Конвенција за заштита на човековите права и основните слободи --- skydd av mänskliga rättigheter --- violación de los derechos humanos --- cilvēktiesību pārkāpums --- ochrana ľudských práv --- žmogaus teisių apsauga --- ihmisoikeuksien uhkaaminen --- prava čovjeka --- derechos del hombre --- rispetto dei diritti dell'uomo --- schending van de rechten van de mens --- inimõiguste kaitse --- protecția drepturilor omului --- shkelje e të drejtave të njeriut --- violação dos direitos humanos --- brott mot mänskliga rättigheter --- beskyttelse af menneskerettigheder --- ochrana lidských práv --- inimõiguste ohustamine --- violation des droits de l'homme --- повреда на граѓанските права --- cenim i të drejtave të njeriut --- žmogaus teisių pažeidimas --- cilvēka pamattiesības --- граѓански слободи и права --- προστασία των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου --- ofensa aos direitos humanos --- заштита на правата и слободите на граѓаните --- кршење на човековите права --- human rights violation --- violazione dei diritti umani --- protection of human rights --- inimõiguste rikkumine --- reato contro i diritti dell'uomo --- protection des droits de l'homme --- Sentencing --- Correctional law --- Criminal procedure --- Judgments, Criminal --- Punishment --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation

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"This book provides a comparative analysis of the legal frameworks of six Latin American central banks to determine whether there is legal certainty regarding central bank autonomy. Based on this, it ascertains whether the way in which legal institutions are designed – specifically those that rule the autonomy of the central bank – provides reasons to believe that central banks can keep inflation at bay even if governments face fiscal problems or pursue contradictory objectives. The analysis covers three key areas: a constitutional analysis, a detailed study of the central bank statutes and a study of a number of underexplored threats to central bank autonomy. After defining and identifying different types of legal certainty and linking them to the credibility of government promises, the author goes on to examine the grounds that the law provides for confidence that central banks operate independently of political influence. The second part of the book focuses on a granular analysis of the legal design of the central banks’ objectives and autonomy. Lastly, the third part features two case studies that represent little-known and unusual institutional threats to legal certainty relating to central bank autonomy, such as the interventions by the Constitutional Court of Colombia in the autonomy of the Colombian central bank, and the interventions of the Argentinean executive and legislative branches in the autonomy of Argentina’s central bank through stabilization plans introduced via emergency laws and decrees. In sum, the book suggests that there are serious doubts about the ability of Latin American central banks to maintain price stability over time. Although central banks were granted a degree of autonomy, authorities in Latin American countries are able to affect central bank decisions. Most importantly, a lack of clarity, inconsistencies, or generous exceptions in the law provide ways for authorities to influence central banks even without bending or disregarding the rules." -- Publisher.

central bank --- rule of law --- principle of legal certainty --- law of banking --- comparative law --- Latin America --- Латинска Америка --- Amerika Latine --- Amérique latine --- America Latină --- America latina --- Lotynų Amerika --- Latinská Amerika --- América Latina --- Latinska Amerika --- Amerika Latina --- Ladina-Ameerika --- Latin-Amerika --- Latijns-Amerika --- Latinalainen Amerikka --- Ameryka Łacińska --- Λατινική Αμερική --- Latīņamerika --- Latinamerika --- Lateinamerika --- primerjalno pravo --- vertaileva oikeustiede --- lyginamoji teisė --- salīdzinošās tiesības --- direito comparado --- võrdlev õigusteadus --- сравнително право --- sammenlignende ret --- συγκριτικό δίκαιο --- jämförande rätt --- droit comparé --- компаративно право --- Derecho comparado --- dritt komparat --- diritto comparato --- Rechtsvergleichung --- komparatívne právo --- poredbeno pravo --- srovnávací právo --- drept comparat --- e drejta e krahasuar --- vergelijkend recht --- упоредно право --- prawo porównawcze --- összehasonlító jog --- právní komparatistika --- komparativ ret --- споредбено право --- võrdlev õigus --- diritto bancario --- banklagstiftning --- τραπεζικό δίκαιο --- ligji i veprimtarisë bankare --- liġi bankarja --- bankjog --- bankininkystės teisė --- drept bancar --- банкарско право --- direito bancário --- bančno pravo --- bankové právo --- pangandusõigus --- Derecho bancario --- bankret --- Bankrecht --- prawo bankowe --- droit bancaire --- банково право --- bankrecht --- pankkilainsäädäntö --- bankovní právo --- bankarsko pravo --- banku tiesības --- закон за банките --- zákon o bankách --- banku tiesību akti --- bankarsko zakonodavstvo --- banku likumdošana --- legislație bancară --- bankovní legislativa --- legislazione bancaria --- τραπεζική νομοθεσία --- banklovgivning --- banková legislatíva --- législation bancaire --- Bankengesetzgebung --- bankügyi jogszabályok --- bankwetgeving --- banking legislation --- bankų įstatymai --- банкарско законодавство --- legislación bancaria --- pangandusseadusandlus --- bankovní zákon --- legjislacion bankar --- legislação bancária --- regolamentazione bancaria --- rechtszekerheidsbeginsel --- начело на правна сигурност --- Grundsatz der Rechtssicherheit --- princípio de segurança jurídica --- jogbiztonság elve --- načelo pravne varnosti --- principe de sécurité juridique --- načelo pravne sigurnosti --- αρχή της ασφάλειας δικαίου --- principio di certezza del diritto --- principio de seguridad jurídica --- zasada pewności prawnej --- oikeusvarmuuden periaate --- õiguskindluse põhimõte --- deimhneacht dhlíthiúil --- retssikkerhedsprincippet --- principiul securității juridice --- parimi i sigurisë ligjore --- prinċipju ta' ċertezza ġuridika --- начело правне сигурности --- zásada právnej istoty --- принцип на правна сигурност --- teisinio tikrumo principas --- rättssäkerhetsprincip --- tiesiskās noteiktības princips --- zásada právní jistoty --- pravna gotovost --- princippet om retssikkerhed og retlig ligestilling --- právna istota --- certezza giuridica --- segurança jurídica --- lygybės ir teisinio saugumo principas --- tiesiskās noteiktības un vienlīdzības princips --- oikeusvarmuus --- legal certainty --- νομική βεβαιότητα --- правна сигурност --- Rechtssicherheit --- certitudine juridică --- siguri ligjore --- teisinis saugumas --- principio di uguaglianza e di certezza del diritto --- юридическа сигурност --- начело на еднаквост и правна сигурност --- seguridad jurídica --- sécurité juridique --- zásada rovnosti a právní jistoty --- princípio de igualdade e de segurança jurídica --- oikeudellisen yhdenvertaisuuden ja oikeusvarmuuden periaate --- pravna varnost --- certeza jurídica --- sicurezza giuridica --- legal security --- teisinio saugumo principas --- právní jistota --- νομική ασφάλεια --- rättssäkerhet --- principiul egalității și securității juridice --- certitude juridique --- zásada rovnosti a právnej istoty --- načelo enake obravnave in pravne varnosti --- tiesiskā noteiktība --- právní bezpečnost --- αρχή ισότητας και νομικής ασφάλειας --- ċertezza ġuridika --- certidumbre jurídica --- securitate juridică --- õiguskindlus --- načelo jednakosti i pravne sigurnosti --- az egyenlőség és a jogbiztonság elve --- võrdsuse ja õiguskindluse põhimõte --- beginsel van gelijkheid en rechtszekerheid --- retssikkerhed --- parimi i barazisë dhe sigurisë ligjore --- zasada równości wobec prawa --- principe d'égalité et de sécurité juridique --- princip om rättssäkerhet och likhet inför lagen --- jogbiztonság --- pravna sigurnost --- siguria e ligjit --- принцип на равенство и правна сигурност --- teisinis tikrumas --- certezza del diritto --- pewność prawna --- Gleichheitsgrundsatz und Grundsatz der Rechtssicherheit --- certainty of law --- principle of equality and legal certainty --- principio de igualdad y seguridad jurídicas --- владеење на правото --- Estado de Direito --- teisinė valstybė --- rechtsstaat --- jogállamiság --- État de droit --- stat de drept --- Estado de Derecho --- právní stát --- państwo prawne --- Rechtsstaat --- stat tad-dritt --- õigusriik --- oikeusvaltio --- vladavina prava --- Stato di diritto --- shtet i së drejtës --- κράτος δικαίου --- retsstat --- владавина права --- правова държава --- právny štát --- pravna država --- rättsstat --- tiesiskums --- правна држава --- jogállam --- централна банка --- banc ceannais --- keskuspankki --- Zentralbank --- središnja banka --- centrálna banka --- bankë qendrore --- központi bank --- keskpank --- centrinis bankas --- bancă centrală --- banque centrale --- banco central --- banca centrale --- κεντρική τράπεζα --- centrální banka --- bank centralny --- centrālā banka --- bank ċentrali --- centralna banka --- centralbank --- centrale bank --- nationale bank --- federālā banka --- Banco de España --- banco emisor --- εθνική τράπεζα --- емисиска банка --- banco emissor --- banco federal --- bankë e shtetit --- nacionalna banka --- Forbundsbank --- banca d'emissione --- národná banka --- kansallinen pankki --- банка издавач --- šalies bankas --- föderaalpank --- ομοσπονδιακή τράπεζα --- national bank --- sedelutgivande bank --- federalna banka --- emisná banka --- riksbank --- jegybank --- banque fédérale --- bankë federale --- bancă federală --- bancă națională --- cedulová banka --- federale bank --- emissiebank --- nationalbank --- förbundsbank --- narodna banka --- bankë e emetimit të parasë --- banque nationale --- federal bank --- emisijas banka --- seddeludstedende bank --- národní banka --- emisijos bankas --- banco nacional --- szövetségi bank --- Banco de Portugal --- circulatiebank --- istituto d'emissione --- središnja nacionalna banka --- федерална банка --- nemzeti bank --- εκδοτική τράπεζα --- emisní banka --- национална банка --- banca federale --- Bundesbank --- seddelbank --- banca nazionale --- bank of issue --- federalinis bankas --- emissioonipank --- Notenbank --- banque d'émission --- federálna banka --- avaajapankki --- conflict of powers --- kompetencestrid --- conflit de compétences --- судир меѓу властите --- kompetenčný spor --- kunflitt ta' setgħat --- conflito de poderes --- σύγκρουση αρμοδιοτήτων --- pilnvaru konflikts --- hatásköri összeütközés --- конфликт на властите --- galių konfliktas --- conflicto de competencias --- сукоб политичке надлежности --- spor o pristojnosti oblasti --- konflikt i kompetencave --- kompetenční spor --- politischer Kompetenzstreit --- conflict de competențe --- konflikt władzy --- behörighetskonflikt --- sukob ovlasti --- machtsconflict --- toimivaltaristiriita --- conflitto di poteri --- pädevuste konflikt --- maktstrid --- įgaliojimų konfliktas --- konflikt pravomocí --- spor o kompetence --- conflit de pouvoirs --- kompetenční pře --- hatásköri konfliktus --- conflicto de poderes --- σύγκρουση εξουσιών --- prionsabal na deimhneachta dlíthiúla --- coinbhleacht cumhachtaí --- Meiriceá Laidineach --- an dlí comparáideach --- dlí na baincéireachta --- smacht reachta --- Banks and banking, Central --- Law and legislation --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- principle of legal certainty. --- central bank. --- Latin America.