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Timely and pathbreaking, Securing the Peace is the first book to explore the complete spectrum of civil war terminations, including negotiated settlements, military victories by governments and rebels, and stalemates and ceasefires. Examining the outcomes of all civil war terminations since 1940, Monica Toft develops a general theory of postwar stability, showing how third-party guarantees may not be the best option. She demonstrates that thorough security-sector reform plays a critical role in establishing peace over the long term. Much of the thinking in this area has centered on third parties presiding over the maintenance of negotiated settlements, but the problem with this focus is that fewer than a quarter of recent civil wars have ended this way. Furthermore, these settlements have been precarious, often resulting in a recurrence of war. Toft finds that military victory, especially victory by rebels, lends itself to a more durable peace. She argues for the importance of the security sector--the police and military--and explains that victories are more stable when governments can maintain order. Toft presents statistical evaluations and in-depth case studies that include El Salvador, Sudan, and Uganda to reveal that where the security sector remains robust, stability and democracy are likely to follow. An original and thoughtful reassessment of civil war terminations, Securing the Peace will interest all those concerned about resolving our world's most pressing conflicts.
Peace-building. --- Civil war --- Pacific settlement of international disputes. --- Conflict management. --- Civil wars --- Intra-state war --- Rebellions --- Government, Resistance to --- International law --- Revolutions --- War --- Dispute settlement, Peaceful (International relations) --- Disputes, Pacific settlement of international --- International disputes, Pacific settlement of --- Pacific settlement of international disputes --- Peaceful dispute settlement (International relations) --- Peaceful settlement of international disputes --- PSD (Pacific settlement of international disputes) --- Settlement of international disputes, Pacific --- Dispute resolution (Law) --- International relations --- Conflict control --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute settlement --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Management --- Negotiation --- Problem solving --- Social conflict --- Crisis management --- Building peace --- Peacebuilding --- Conflict management --- Peace --- Peacekeeping forces --- Prevention. --- Law and legislation --- Uganda --- El Salvador --- Sudan --- History --- Dispute resolution (International law) --- Pacific resolution of international disputes --- Peaceful dispute resolution (International relations) --- Peaceful resolution of international disputes --- Resolution of international disputes, Pacific
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The Geography of Ethnic Violence is the first among numerous distinguished books on ethnic violence to clarify the vital role of territory in explaining such conflict. Monica Toft introduces and tests a theory of ethnic violence, one that provides a compelling general explanation of not only most ethnic violence, civil wars, and terrorism but many interstate wars as well. This understanding can foster new policy initiatives with real potential to make ethnic violence either less likely or less destructive. It can also guide policymakers to solutions that endure. The book offers a distinctively powerful synthesis of comparative politics and international relations theories, as well as a striking blend of statistical and historical case study methodologies. By skillfully combining a statistical analysis of a large number of ethnic conflicts with a focused comparison of historical cases of ethnic violence and nonviolence--including four major conflicts in the former Soviet Union--it achieves a rare balance of general applicability and deep insight. Toft concludes that only by understanding how legitimacy and power interact can we hope to learn why some ethnic conflicts turn violent while others do not. Concentrated groups defending a self-defined homeland often fight to the death, while dispersed or urbanized groups almost never risk violence to redress their grievances. Clearly written and rigorously documented, this book represents a major contribution to an ongoing debate that spans a range of disciplines including international relations, comparative politics, sociology, and history.
Ethnic conflict --- Human geography. --- Nationalism. --- Partition, Territorial. --- Political violence. --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Divided states --- Partitioned states --- States, Divided --- States, Partitioned --- Territorial partition --- Administrative and political divisions --- Dismemberment of nations --- Conflict, Ethnic --- Ethnic violence --- Inter-ethnic conflict --- Interethnic conflict --- Ethnic relations --- Social conflict --- Consciousness, National --- Identity, National --- National consciousness --- National identity --- International relations --- Patriotism --- Political science --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Internationalism --- Political messianism --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Anthropology --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Former Soviet republics --- CIS countries --- Commonwealth of Independent States countries --- Ex-Soviet republics --- Ex-Soviet states --- Former Soviet states --- New Independent States (Former Soviet republics) --- Newly Independent States (Former Soviet republics) --- NIS (Former Soviet republics)
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