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This book covers recent trends in all aspects of basic and applied scientific research on marine skeletal proteins and biopolymers (e.g., chitin, collagen), and their derivatives. Some recent innovations of marine proteins have been incorporated in this book that could be potentially applied in scientific and industrial research. Due to their broad array of biological functions in biopolymer- and protein-based drugs, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, bone tissue regeneration, antioxidant, and anti-aging functions, bioactive skeletal proteins and biopolymers have recently attracted a great amount of interest in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries (including anti-aging drugs).

Thunnus obesus --- collagen --- isoelectric precipitation --- physicochemical properties --- proliferation and migration --- red stingray (Dasyatis akajei) --- cartilage --- peptide --- antioxidant activity --- lung cancer --- nereis active protease --- H1299 cells --- PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway --- benzyl glycidyl ether --- epoxide hydrolase --- enantioselective --- marine microorganism --- fish skin --- structure --- functional properties --- thermal properties --- rheology properties --- chitin --- scaffolds --- pigmental cells --- demosponges --- Ianthella --- bromotyrosines --- decamethoxine --- drug delivery --- gelatin --- marine gastropod --- Black Sea --- acidic and enzymatic extraction --- biocompatibility --- cytokines --- Lophius litulon skin --- pepsin-solubilized collagen --- characterization --- biological materials --- electrolysis --- Antipatharia --- black corals --- Cirrhipathes sp. --- sponges --- 3D scaffolds --- AgNPs --- antibacterial properties --- Aplysina aerophoba --- sponge --- osculum size --- respiration --- clearance rate --- depth --- Chondrosia reniformis --- integrated multitrophic aquaculture --- collagen fibers --- scaffold --- biomedical device --- Nibea japonica --- swim bladder --- marine collagen peptides --- n/a

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Collagen is the main fibrous structural protein in the extracellular matrix and connective tissue of animals. It is a primary building block of bones, tendons, skin, hair, cartilage, and all joints in the body. It is also considered a "glue" that holds the body together. Collagen production begins to slow down, and cell structures start losing their strength as we become older. Collagen supplementation is a vital way to help our body revive itself and stay youthful. Recently, collagen-based biomedical materials have developed important and clinically effective materials that have become widely acceptable. However, collagen extraction from land animal sources is complex, time consuming, and expensive. Hence, marine sources have started to be researched and have been found to be the most convenient and safest sources for obtaining collagen. Another reason for favouring these sources is due to concerns over adverse inflammatory and immunologic responses and the prevalence of various diseases among land animals that can cause health complications.Marine sources also have plenty of advantages over land animal sources: (1) a high collagen content; (2) environmentally friendly; (3) the presence of biological contaminants and toxins is almost negligible; (4) a low inflammatory response; (5) greater absorption due to their low molecular weight; (6) less significant religious and ethical constraints; (7) minor regulatory and quality control problems; (8) metabolic compatibility, among others. This huge source of marine collagen is expected to make a great contribution to marine biotechnology products and medical applications.

Axinella cannabina --- Suberites carnosus --- sponges --- marine collagen --- hydrogel --- collagen rheology --- marine sponge GAG --- marine biomaterials --- Chondrosia reniformis --- bone grafting --- bone biocompatible materials --- bone regeneration --- Nibea japonica --- response surface methodology --- optimization --- characterization --- collagen --- spongin --- collagen-related proteins --- scaffolds --- biomaterials --- jellyfish collagen --- mineralized salmon collagen --- osteochondral tissue engineering --- biphasic scaffold --- osteochondral medium --- alginate --- medical device --- scaffold --- soft corals --- tissue regeneration --- Porifera --- tissue engineering --- membranes --- cartilaginous fish by-products --- chitosan --- composite films --- properties --- blue shark collagen --- osteogenic activity --- Runx2 --- differentiated mesenchymal stem cell --- osteoblast --- proliferation --- collagen peptide --- ornithine --- skin elasticity --- transepidermal water loss --- growth hormone --- insulin-like growth factor-1 --- marine-origin collagen --- codfish --- biophysical characterization --- biologic activity --- ASTM guidelines --- biomedical application --- skin collagen --- electrodialysis --- thermal stability --- Takifugu flavidus --- mariculture --- sponge --- fishfarm --- integrated multitrophic aquaculture --- hydroxyproline --- fibroblasts proliferation and differentiation --- wound healing --- fish discards --- fish by-products --- cosmetic applications --- experimental designs --- chitin --- corals --- extracellular matrix --- marine invertebrates --- marine proteins --- Nile tilapia collagen --- n/a