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In 1900, some 100,000 people living in Bulgaria-2 percent of the country's population-could be described as Greek, whether by nationality, language, or religion. The complex identities of the population-proud heirs of ancient Hellenic colonists, loyal citizens of their Bulgarian homeland, members of a wider Greek diasporic community, devout followers of the Orthodox Patriarchate in Istanbul, and reluctant supporters of the Greek government in Athens-became entangled in the growing national tensions between Bulgaria and Greece during the first half of the twentieth century.In Between Two Motherlands, Theodora Dragostinova explores the shifting allegiances of this Greek minority in Bulgaria. Diverse social groups contested the meaning of the nation, shaping and reshaping what it meant to be Greek and Bulgarian during the slow and painful transition from empire to nation-states in the Balkans. In these decades, the region was racked by a series of upheavals (the Balkan Wars, World War I, interwar population exchanges, World War II, and Communist revolutions). The Bulgarian Greeks were caught between the competing agendas of two states increasingly bent on establishing national homogeneity.Based on extensive research in the archives of Bulgaria and Greece, as well as fieldwork in the two countries, Dragostinova shows that the Greek population did not blindly follow Greek nationalist leaders but was torn between identification with the land of their birth and loyalty to the Greek cause. Many emigrated to Greece in response to nationalist pressures; others sought to maintain their Greek identity and traditions within Bulgaria; some even switched sides when it suited their personal interests. National loyalties remained fluid despite state efforts to fix ethnic and political borders by such means as population movements, minority treaties, and stringent citizenship rules. The lessons of a case such as this continue to reverberate wherever and whenever states try to adjust national borders in regions long inhabited by mixed populations.

History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- Sociology of work --- History of Belgium and Luxembourg --- anno 1800-1899 --- Urban policy --- Labor policy --- Working class --- Histoire urbaine --- --Histoire sociale --- --Bruxelles --- --Londres --- --XIXe s., --- Politique urbaine --- --Condition sociale --- --History --- History --- Brussels (Belgium) --- London (England) --- Social conditions --- 351.778.5 <09> --- 911.373 --- 911.375 --- Ruimtelijke ordening. Volkshuisvesting. Plannen van aanleg. Woningbouw.--Woonhygiene, zie {613.5}; z.o. {?711.6-164}--Geschiedenis van ... --- Rural settlements (their study and geography) --- Steden. Studie van stedelijke vestiging. Geografie van steden. Stadsgeografie --- 351.778.5 <09> Ruimtelijke ordening. Volkshuisvesting. Plannen van aanleg. Woningbouw.--Woonhygiene, zie {613.5}; z.o. {?711.6-164}--Geschiedenis van ... --- Commons (Social order) --- Labor and laboring classes --- Laboring class --- Labouring class --- Working classes --- Social classes --- Labor --- Cities and state --- Urban problems --- City and town life --- Economic policy --- Social policy --- Sociology, Urban --- City planning --- Urban renewal --- State and labor --- Ruimtelijke ordening. Volkshuisvesting. Plannen van aanleg. Woningbouw.--Woonhygiene, zie {613.5}; z.o. {?711.6-164}--Geschiedenis van .. --- Employment --- Government policy --- Bruxelles (Belgium) --- Brussel (Belgium) --- Bruxella (Belgium) --- Brocela (Belgium) --- Brocsela (Belgium) --- Brohsela (Belgium) --- Brosella (Belgium) --- Brucellae (Belgium) --- Brucsella (Belgium) --- Bruesella (Belgium) --- Bruocsella (Belgium) --- Bruolisela (Belgium) --- Brusella (Belgium) --- Brussella (Belgium) --- Bruxelae (Belgium) --- Bruxellae (Belgium) --- Bruxsella (Belgium) --- Proxola (Belgium) --- Bruxelas (Belgium) --- Bruselj (Belgium) --- Haren (Belgium) --- Londen (England) --- Londinium (England) --- Londres (England) --- Londýn (England) --- Bryssel (Belgium) --- Greeks --- Population transfers --- Refugees --- Ethnic identity. --- Greece --- Bulgaria --- Emigration and immigration --- Lunnainn (England) --- Ruimtelijke ordening. Volkshuisvesting. Plannen van aanleg. Woningbouw.--Woonhygiene, zie {613.5}; z.o. {?711.6-164}--Geschiedenis van . --- Urban policy - Belgium - Brussels - History - 19th century --- Urban policy - England - London - History - 19th century --- Labor policy - Belgium - Brussels - History - 19th century --- Labor policy - England - London - History - 19th century --- Working class - Belgium - Brussels - History - 19th century --- Working class - England - London - History - 19th century --- Histoire sociale --- XIXe s., 1801-1900 --- Condition sociale --- Bruxelles --- Londres --- Brussels (Belgium) - Social conditions - 19th century --- London (England) - Social conditions - 19th century --- Ruimtelijke ordening. Volkshuisvesting. Plannen van aanleg. Woningbouw.--Woonhygiene, zie {613.5}; z.o. {?711.6-164}--Geschiedenis van