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Writing boards and blackboards are emblematic of two radically different styles of education in Islam. The essays in this lively volume address various aspects of the expanding and evolving range of educational choices available to Muslims in sub-Saharan Africa. Contributors from the United States, Europe, and Africa evaluate classical Islamic education in Africa from colonial times to the present, including changes in pedagogical methods'from sitting to standing, from individual to collective learning, from recitation to analysis. Also discussed are the differences between British, French, Belgian, and Portuguese education in Africa and between mission schools and Qur'anic schools; changes to the classical Islamic curriculum; the changing intent of Islamic education; the modernization of pedagogical styles and tools; hybrid forms of religious and secular education; the inclusion of women in Qur'anic schools; and the changing notion of what it means to be an educated person in Africa. A new view of the role of Islamic education, especially its politics and controversies in today's age of terrorism, emerges from this broadly comparative volume.
Islamic religious education --- Islamic education --- Muslims --- Education --- #SBIB:39A10 --- #SBIB:39A73 --- #SBIB:316.331H421 --- #SBIB:316.331H532 --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Islam --- Education, Islamic --- Education, Muslim --- Muslim education --- Muslim religious education --- Religious education, Islamic --- Religious education --- History. --- Antropologie: religie, riten, magie, hekserij --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Morfologie van de godsdiensten: Islam --- Religieuze opvoeding, cathechese --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Africa, Black --- Africa, Subsaharan --- Africa, Tropical --- Africa South of the Sahara --- Black Africa --- Sub-Sahara Africa --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- Subsahara Africa --- Subsaharan Africa --- Tropical Africa --- Colonial influence. --- History --- Education&delete&
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From the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, Europeans struggled to understand their identity in the same way we do as individuals: by comparing themselves to others. In Savages, Romans, and Despots, Robert Launay takes us on a fascinating tour of early modern and modern history in an attempt to untangle how various depictions of "foreign" cultures and civilizations saturated debates about religion, morality, politics, and art. Beginning with Mandeville and Montaigne, and working through Montesquieu, Diderot, Gibbon, Herder, and others, Launay traces how Europeans both admired and disdained unfamiliar societies in their attempts to work through the inner conflicts of their own social worlds. Some of these writers drew caricatures of "savages," "Oriental despots," and "ancient" Greeks and Romans. Others earnestly attempted to understand them. But, throughout this history, comparative thinking opened a space for critical reflection. At its worst, such space could give rise to a sense of European superiority. At its best, however, it could prompt awareness of the value of other ways of being in the world. Launay's masterful survey of some of the Western tradition's finest minds offers a keen exploration of the genesis of the notion of "civilization," as well as an engaging portrait of the promises and perils of cross-cultural comparison.
Other (Philosophy) --- Other minds (Theory of knowledge) --- Anthropology --- Philosophy. --- British. --- Enlightenment. --- Europeans. --- French. --- German. --- Greeks. --- Romans. --- comparisons. --- history of ideas. --- savages and despots.
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Every aspect of the personality of Janssen (1824—1907) – that D’Artagnan of science, this bard of the Sun, and this audacious master builder – is covered here by Françoise Launay, his attentive and equally erudite biographer. A physicist, inventor and builder, Janssen was guided by his energy and curiosity. His research followed two directions: on the one hand the atmospheres of the Earth and the Sun, and on the other, two techniques: spectroscopy and photography. Among his numerous voyages across the globe, he went to Japan in 1874 to follow the transit of Venus in front of the Sun, the same year in which he invented his famous photographic revolver, which was, in truth, a great technical success. To observe the Sun during total eclipses he traveled to the Indies in 1868, to Oran in 1870 (escaping from besieged Paris by balloon!), returned to India in 1871, left for Siam in 1875 and, in 1883, for an island in the Pacific. One can thus understand why Henriette often complained of the solitude in which she was left by her peripatetic husband: “There are men who leave their wives for mistresses; you do it for journeys!” ... Basking in the glow of his success, Janssen was able to undertake the construction of the great astrophysical observatory of which he had dreamed. It was at Meudon that he had it built. From the Preface by Jean-Claude Pecker.
Astronomers -- France -- Biography. --- Astronomers --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astronomy - General --- Janssen, Jules, --- Cultural heritage. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Cultural Heritage. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Physical scientists --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Physics
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« Le roi en son duché ». En faisant référence, par analogie, à la célèbre formule du xiiie siècle selon laquelle « le roi de France est empereur en son royaume », ce livre veut identifier les éléments de la présence royale en Bretagne durant la seconde partie de ce que l’historiographie appelle « l’âge d’or capétien ». Alors que le processus de construction de l’État royal est patiemment mis en œuvre par les souverains capétiens, le cas de la Bretagne constitue un formidable laboratoire où il est possible d’apprécier l’intégration du duché et de son aristocratie au sein du royaume de France. Les mécanismes identifiés par l’historiographie récente (dans les domaines judiciaire, juridictionnel, fiscal, monétaire et militaire) y trouvent une traduction territoriale, notamment par le biais de l’approche cartographique fondée sur l’exploitation de sources souvent inédites. La démarche de l’ouvrage passe par l’analyse du jeu des acteurs : les nobles et les ecclésiastiques, bretons et non bretons ; le duc de Bretagne ; le roi de France et ses officiers. Sur le plan territorial, la pesée de cette intégration au royaume permet d’établir une tripartition du duché éloignée des regards traditionnels qui opposent haute et basse Bretagne : un nord où les marqueurs de la présence du pouvoir royal sont particulièrement visibles ; une partie orientale qui profite de liens étroits noués avec d’importants lignages normands, angevins et poitevins ; enfin, un sud, cœur du domaine ducal plus éloigné du pouvoir royal.
History --- aristocratie --- capétiens --- duché de Bretagne
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Equipment and supplies. --- Alveographs. --- Dough --- Chopin alveographs --- Testing --- Equipment and supplies
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This book includes papers presented at the Second International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICEERE 2020), which focus on the application of artificial intelligence techniques, emerging technology and the Internet of things in electrical and renewable energy systems, including hybrid systems, micro-grids, networking, smart health applications, smart grid, mechatronics and electric vehicles. It particularly focuses on new renewable energy technologies for agricultural and rural areas to promote the development of the Euro-Mediterranean region. Given its scope, the book is of interest to graduate students, researchers and practicing engineers working in the fields of electronic engineering and renewable energy. .
Renewable energy resources. --- Electrical engineering. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Control engineering. --- Robotics. --- Mechatronics. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Communications Engineering, Networks. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Control, Robotics, Mechatronics. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Mechanical engineering --- Microelectronics --- Microelectromechanical systems --- Automation --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Programmable controllers --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Electric engineering --- Engineering
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This comprehensive book provides an in-depth exploration of the STICS (Simulateur mulTIdisciplinaire pour les Cultures Standard) soil-crop model. The text covers the historical evolution of cropping systems models, highlighting the transition from simple plant growth equations to sophisticated systems addressing contemporary agricultural challenges such as climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, and organic farming. It outlines the conceptual framework, development processes, and practical applications of the STICS model, emphasizing its role in enhancing agricultural management and policy development. The book is aimed at agricultural scientists, modelers, and policy makers, offering detailed insights into the model's structure, functions, and potential for future advancements.
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Longtemps confondue avec l'histoire générale, puis réduite au xixe siècle à des mémoires de généraux et à des études descriptives, l'histoire militaire est aujourd'hui en plein renouveau. Au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, alors qu'il semblait nécessaire de comprendre les échecs à répétition de l'armée française devant leurs agresseurs allemands, Emile Georges Léonard a ouvert une voie nouvelle – celle de la modernité – dans cette discipline jusqu'ici boudée par les universitaires. Deux universités en particulier (Paris IV et Montpellier III) ont encadré cette renaissance d'une histoire désormais accompagnée par les grandes institutions historiques militaires. Elles se sont rejointes pour animer un dialogue nourri entre Antiquisants et Modernistes. C'est en effet dans la phalange macédonienne et la légion romaine que les Modernes ont cherché les modèles qui leur manquaient. Leuctres ou Cannes, Epaminondas et les Romains, de Fabius à César, l'infanterie romaine ou les cavaleries barbares, tout cela a été remis en perspective par des auteurs qui traduisaient Polybe, Végèce ou Frontin. C'est ce dialogue dont cherche à rendre compte le présent ouvrage, qui ne constitue pas pour autant une simple lecture des auteurs étudiés ici (Onosander et Xénophon, Machiavel et Turpin de Cissé...) ; celui-ci permet aussi au lecteur d'entrer dans la réalité des armes et des batailles, tout au moins de la comprendre, pour retrouver ce que les uns et les autres appellent l'art de la guerre.
Military history --- Military history, Ancient --- Military history, Modern --- Military art and science --- Histoire militaire --- Histoire militaire ancienne --- Histoire militaire moderne et contemporaine --- Art et science militaires --- History --- histoire militaire --- Antiquité --- armée --- art --- historiographie --- bataille --- armes
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Des trompetteresses au Moyen Âge, des directrices de troupes théâtrales à l'âge baroque, des femmes organistes en nombre avant la Révolution, des compositrices célébrées en leur temps quoique oubliées de nos jours… tant de musiciennes enfin, d'hier à aujourd'hui ! Un continent englouti reparait ici, soutenant de son insistante présence les revendications actuelles de féminisation des métiers de la musique… Mais au delà de cette nécessaire mise en lumière, ce livre pose une question nouvelle : comment ces musiciennes ont-elles réussi à exprimer leur art en vivant aux côtés d'hommes et de femmes également artistes ? Qu'elles en soient filles, sœurs, mères, compagnes ou amies, comment ces musiciennes sont-elles parvenues à s'accomplir en tant qu'interprètes ou compositrices ? Loin d'être univoques, les réponses déclinent des nuances inattendues, qui remettent en cause bien des stéréotypes de genre et permettent de dépasser le cliché de la femme muse inspiratrice de l'artiste.
Women musicians --- Musiciennes --- History --- Histoire --- Music --- Women's Studies --- musicienne --- genre --- duo --- Women composers
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Au printemps 2020, les autorités ont imposé, en France comme dans d’autres pays, un confinement de la population pour lutter contre la pandémie de Covid-19. L’épisode a bouleversé nos habitudes, nos liens à autrui, nos rapports aux autorités aussi. Il a touché en même temps, le fait est assez rare pour être souligné, tous les milieux et territoires de notre société. Comment avons-nous expérimenté ces nouvelles règles de vie ? Comment avons-nous fait face aux épreuves qu’elles nous ont imposées ? Que peut-on dire des conséquences sociales de cet événement hors norme ? Ce livre propose des réponses à partir d’une enquête réalisée au cœur même de l’événement. Durant quatre semaines, plus de 16 000 personnes ont accepté de répondre à un long questionnaire, et pour près de 4 000 d’entre elles, de raconter avec leurs mots les manières dont elles ont vécu et ressenti ce temps suspendu. Ce sont leurs cadres de vie et leurs conditions de travail, leurs réactions et leurs sentiments qui constituent la chair de ce livre.
Demography --- Urban Studies --- Family Studies --- Social Issues --- Sociology --- territoire --- logement --- étudiant --- inégalités scolaires --- inégalités sociales --- crise sociale --- crise sanitaire --- COVID-19 --- confinement --- télétravail --- voisinage --- VICO --- couvre-feu --- liens sociaux --- règles sanitaires --- isolement --- école à la maison --- relations intergénérationnelles --- égalité homme-femme --- réseau socio-numérique --- questionnaire --- relations intergéné
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