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In der sowjetischen Besatzungszone traten seit 1946 Volksrichter zunehmend an die Stelle der zahlreichen Richter und Staatsanwälte, die im Zuge der Entnazifizierung aus der Justiz entfernt worden waren. Dieser Elitenaustausch bildete ein zentrales Mittel zur Transformierung des Justizwesens in der entstehenden DDR. Bisher weitgehend unbekannte Quellen veranschaulichen die Entscheidungen der zentralen Instanzen (Zentralverwaltung für Justiz, SMAD, SED) und geben Aufschluß über die Entwicklung der zunächst rein fachlichen, später jedoch stark ideologisierten Kurzausbildung der neuen Juristenelite. Daß deren Fortbildung nicht nur dazu diente, fachliche Defizite auszugleichen, sondern auch justizsteuernde Funktionen besaß, wird ebenso deutlich wie das Ziel, die Volksrichter möglichst rasch in Führungspositionen zu bringen. Der Autor: Hermann Wentker ist stellvertretender Leiter der Außenstelle Berlin des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte.

Judges --- -Criminal justice, Administration of --- -Administration of criminal justice --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Justice, Administration of --- Crime --- Criminal law --- Criminals --- Alcaldes --- Cadis --- Chief justices --- Chief magistrates --- Justices --- Magistrates --- Courts --- History --- -Sources --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Officials and employees --- -History --- Administration of justice --- Law --- History&delete& --- Sources

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Statistical Physics bridges the properties of a macroscopic system and the microscopic behavior of its constituting particles, otherwise impossible due to the giant magnitude of Avogadro's number. Numerous systems of today's key technologies -- as e.g. semiconductors or lasers -- are macroscopic quantum objects; only statistical physics allows for understanding their fundamentals. Therefore, this graduate text also focuses on particular applications such as the properties of electrons in solids with applications, and radiation thermodynamics and the greenhouse effect.

Statistical physics. --- Condensed matter. --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Statistical methods --- Mechanics. --- Complex Systems. --- Classical Mechanics. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Dynamical systems. --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Statics --- Dynamics.

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"This book is a comprehensive text for the design of safety critical, hard real-time embedded systems. It offers  a splendid example for the balanced, integrated treatment of systems and software engineering, helping readers tackle the hardest problems of advanced real-time system design, such as determinism, compositionality, timing and fault management. This book is an essential reading for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in a wide range of disciplines impacted by embedded computing and software. Its conceptual clarity, the style of explanations and the examples make the abstract concepts accessible for a wide audience." Janos Sztipanovits, Director E. Bronson Ingram Distinguished Professor of Engineering Institute for Software Integrated Systems Vanderbilt University Real-Time Systems focuses on hard real-time systems, which are computing systems that must meet their temporal specification in all anticipated load and fault scenarios. The book stresses the system aspects of distributed real-time applications, treating the issues of real-time, distribution and fault-tolerance from an integral point of view. A unique cross-fertilization of ideas and concepts between the academic and industrial worlds has led to the inclusion of many insightful examples from industry to explain the fundamental scientific concepts in a real-world setting.  Compared to the first edition, new developments in complexity management, energy and power management, dependability, security, and the internet of things, are addressed. The book is written as a standard textbook for a high-level undergraduate or graduate course on real-time embedded systems or cyber-physical systems.  Its practical approach to solving real-time problems, along with numerous summary exercises, makes it an excellent choice for researchers and practitioners alike.

681.3*C3 --- 681.3*D47 --- 681.3*J7 --- 681.3*D47 Organization and design: batch processing systems; distributed systems; hierarchical design; interactive systems; real-time systems (Operating systems) --- Organization and design: batch processing systems; distributed systems; hierarchical design; interactive systems; real-time systems (Operating systems) --- 681.3*J7 Computers in other systems: command and control; consumer products; industrial control; process control; publishing; real time--See also {681.3*C3} --- Computers in other systems: command and control; consumer products; industrial control; process control; publishing; real time--See also {681.3*C3} --- Special-purpose and application-based systems: microprocessor/microcomputer; process control-, real-time, signal processing systems (Computer systems organization) --- Programming --- embedded systems --- Real-time data processing --- Embedded computer systems --- Electronic data processing --- Temps réel --- Systèmes enfouis (Informatique) --- Traitement réparti --- Distributed processing --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVINFOR SPRINGER-B --- Special purpose computers. --- Electronic circuits. --- Computer system failures. --- Computer communication systems. --- Microprocessors. --- Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems. --- Circuits and Systems. --- System Performance and Evaluation. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Processor Architectures. --- Minicomputers --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Computer failures --- Computer malfunctions --- Computer systems --- Failure of computer systems --- System failures (Engineering) --- Fault-tolerant computing --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics --- Special purpose computers --- Computers --- Failures

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This work is a source of modern knowledge on biomineralization, biomimetics and materials science with respect to marine vertebrates. For the first time in scientific literature the author gives the most coherent analysis of the nature, origin and evolution of biocomposites and biopolymers isolated from and observed in the broad variety of marine vertebrate organisms (fish, reptilian, birds and mammals) and within their hierarchically organized structural formations. The basic format is that of a major review article, with liberal use of references to original literature. There is a wealth of new and newly synthesized information, including dozens of previously unpublished images of unique marine creatures including extinct, extant and living taxa and their mineralized and un-mineralized structures from nano- to micro – and macroscale. The material is organized effectively along both biological (phyla) and functional lines. Several modern topics e.g. “Biohalite”, or “Fish Skin: From Clothing to Tissue Engineering”, as well as “Silica-based Minerals in Marine Vertebrates”, are never represented and discussed in previously published books. For the first time such current concepts as hierarchical organization of biocomposites and skeletal structures, structural bioscaffolds, biomimetism and bioinspiration as tools for the design of innovative materials are critically analyzed from both biological and materials science point of view using numerous unique examples of marine vertebrate origin. This monograph reviews the most relevant advances in the marine biological materials research field, pointing out several approaches being introduced and explored by distinct modern laboratories. The objective of the book is for the scientists as well as for the senior or graduate standing in engineering or science to gain a solid appreciation for the special significance of the word marine biological materials as well as the rapid and exciting evolution and expansion of biomaterials science and its applications in modern technology and medicine.

Materials Science. --- Materials Science, general. --- Biomaterials. --- Structural Materials. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Vertebrates. --- Biochemistry. --- Marine Sciences. --- Materials. --- Biochimie --- Vertébrés --- Matériaux --- Biomedical materials. --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Marine animals. --- Marine ecology. --- Biological oceanography --- Marine ecosystems --- Ocean --- Marine fauna --- Ocean animals --- Sea animals --- Vertebrata --- Ecology --- Materials science. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Structural materials. --- Aquatic ecology --- Aquatic animals --- Marine organisms --- Chordata --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Biomedical engineering --- Materials --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Composition --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials)

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Cette thèse est la première étude historique générale du Patronage de la Couronne sur l'Église d'Espagne, des Rois Catholiques à Ferdinand VII. En dépit des caractères archaïques imprimés par ses origines médiévales, le Patronage Royal accompagna les progrès de l'État national moderne et fut l'organe du contrôle politique de l'Église. L'auteur s'attache à analyser et décrire les relations étroites que cette institution, aussi importante que mal connue, entretint avec le réalisme du Siècle des Lumières, de la controverse hispano-romaine du patronage universel aux multiples et profondes réformes postérieures au concordat de 1753.

Church and state --- Eglise et Etat --- History --- Histoire --- Catholic Church --- Spain --- Espagne --- Church history --- Histoire religieuse --- Patronage, Political --- History. --- Church history. --- Christianity and state --- Separation of church and state --- State and church --- State, The --- Political patronage --- Spoils system --- Civil service reform --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- Patronage, Political - Spain - History. --- Church and state - Spain - History. --- Clientelism, Political --- Patron-client politics --- Political clientelism --- Political sociology --- église catholique --- état --- clergé --- bénéfice ecclésiastique --- ESPAGNE --- HISTOIRE RELIGIEUSE --- EGLISE --- 15E-19E SIECLES --- CONDITIONS ECONOMIQUES